Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34263140›Full record

ArticleNanoscale advances2021

Crossing the blood-brain barrier with carbon dots: uptake mechanism and

Elif S Seven, Yasin B Seven, Yiqun Zhou, Sijan Poudel-Sharma, Juan J Diaz-Rucco, Emel Kirbas Cilingir, Gordon S Mitchell, J David Van Dyken, Roger M Leblanc

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nanoscale advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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  9. The Carbon Dots from Seabuckthorn (Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025
    Article
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  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2025
    Article
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  18. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Elif S SevenDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA rml@miami.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-438X
Yasin B SevenDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Florida 101 Newell Dr. Gainesville FL 32603 USA.
Yiqun ZhouDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA rml@miami.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-9925
Sijan Poudel-SharmaDepartment of Biology, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA.
Juan J Diaz-RuccoDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA rml@miami.edu.
Emel Kirbas CilingirDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA rml@miami.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8079-8080
Gordon S MitchellDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Florida 101 Newell Dr. Gainesville FL 32603 USA.
J David Van DykenDepartment of Biology, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA.
Roger M LeblancDepartment of Chemistry, University of Miami 1301 Memorial Dr. Coral Gables FL 33146 USA rml@miami.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-8042
University of Miami · USAllen Institute for Brain Science · US

Funding

Functional mapping of peripheral and central circuits for airway protection and breathingOT2OD023854 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI BOLSER, DONALD C · 2016 to 2020
$10.8M
Optimizing respiratory plasticity with chronic cervical SCIR01HL147554 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI MITCHELL, GORDON S. · 2019 to 2022
$2.9M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL147554NIH HHS OT2 OD023854
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle for drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) such that most therapeutics lack efficacy against brain tumors or neurological disorders due to their inability to cross the BBB. Therefore, developing new drug delivery platforms to facilitate drug transport to the CNS and understanding their mechanism of transport are crucial for the efficacy of therapeutics. Here, we report (i) carbon dots prepared from glucose and conjugated to fluorescein (GluCD-F) cross the BBB in zebrafish and rats without the need of an additional targeting ligand and (ii) uptake mechanism of GluCDs is glucose transporter-dependent in budding yeast. Glucose transporter-negative strain of yeast showed undetectable GluCD accumulation unlike the glucose transporter-positive yeast, suggesting glucose-transporter-dependent GluCD uptake. We tested GluCDs' ability to cross the BBB using both zebrafish and rat models. Following the injection to the heart, wild-type zebrafish showed GluCD-F accumulation in the central canal consistent with the transport of GluCD-F across the BBB. In rats, following intravenous administration, GluCD-F was observed in the CNS. GluCD-F was localized in the gray matter (

Identifiers

PMID34263140
PMCPMC8243484
OpenAlexW3169633527

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.