ArticleERJ open research2021
Long-term Exercise After Pulmonary Rehabilitation (LEAP): a pilot randomised controlled trial of Tai Chi in COPD.
Article in ERJ open research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of different exercise modes on cardiopulmonary function in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of digital health interventions and traditional mind-body exercises for pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of traditional Chinese mind-body exercise on pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of traditional non-pharmacological add-on treatments in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Meditative movement for breathlessness in advanced COPD or cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation: systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Pooled it
- Mindfulness and Tai Chi for Sleep, Fatigue, and Pain in Distressed People After Cancer Treatment: A Partially Randomized Patient-Preference Comparative Effectiveness Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Trial
- Promoting Walking in Cardiopulmonary Disease With Mindful Steps: Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of a Web-Based, Pedometer-Mediated Mind-Body Intervention.JMIR formative research · 2025Trial
- Effects of Exercise on Aerobic Capacity in People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Prognosis, Quality of Life, and Psychological Outcomes of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Maintenance Pulmonary Rehabilitation: An Update and Future Directions.Respiratory care · 2024Review
- Exploring the Link between Social Support and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Improving Physiological, Physical, and Psychological Health Outcomes: A Narrative Review in US Veterans with COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Review
- Managing the experience of breathlessness with Tai Chi: A qualitative analysis from a randomized controlled trial in COPD.Respiratory medicine · 2021Article
- A Web-Based Mind-Body Intervention (Mindful Steps) for Promoting Walking in Chronic Cardiopulmonary Disease: Insights From a Qualitative Study.Global advances in integrative medicine and healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mind-body modalities are promising strategies to maintain the benefits gained after completion of conventional pulmonary rehabilitation in persons with COPD. In this pilot randomised controlled study we examined Tai Chi in persons with COPD after completing pulmonary rehabilitation. Participants were randomised 2:2:1 to Tai Chi (TC), usual care (UC) or group walking (GW) for 24 weeks. We assessed feasibility; primary outcome was exercise capacity measured by 6-min walk test (6MWT) distance at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life measured by Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), dyspnoea, mood, stress, social support, self-efficacy, physical activity and exercise engagement. Effect size estimates and estimates from generalised estimating equations were calculated. Ninety-one persons (36 TC, 37 UC, 18 GW) were enrolled, with mean age 69±6 years, 59% male, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted (FEV
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.