ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2021
Synthetic bacterial vesicles combined with tumour extracellular vesicles as cancer immunotherapy.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacteria-based immunotherapy for cancer: a systematic review of preclinical studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Immunotherapy Treatment of Colorectal Cancer and Lung Metastasis with Genetically Modified Outer Membrane Vesicles Delivering Poly-Neoepitopes in a Mouse Model.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles as multifunctional defense systems: Roles in immune evasion, phage interactions, and antimicrobial resistance.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Frozen melanoma tissues yield extracellular vesicles with preserved diagnostic and immunogenic properties.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Engineered outer membrane vesicles enhance solid tumour CAR-T cell therapy.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Novel insights into extracellular vesicles: An update on biomolecules, immunomodulation and clinical strategies in skin melanoma.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting the gut microbiota-metabolite-immune axis in cancer immunotherapy: mechanistic interplay, therapeutic strategies, and translational applications-a narrative review.Translational cancer research · 2026Review
- A cross-scale multimodal framework identifies clinically actionable immunotherapy biomarkers in melanoma through bulk to single-cell and spatial transcriptomics integration.Human genomics · 2026Article
- Precision Oncology in Ocular Melanoma: Integrating Molecular and Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles: comparing Ts-EVs and Te-EVs in extraction, characteristics and research trends.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer: mechanisms, biomarker potential, and therapeutic engineering.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Strategies, Challenges and Application Prospects for Exosome Engineering Modifications in Tumor Targeted Therapeutics.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The Role of Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles in Tumor Development: Facts, Potential Applications and Future Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as multifaceted regulators of human diseases and emerging therapeutic platforms.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Programmed Probiotics Generate Interleukin-37b-Bearing Nanovesicles In Situ for Precision Immunomodulation in Colitis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Bacterial and gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles as emerging sources of cancer biomarkers: molecular mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic applications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Neutrophil-mediated delivery of hybrid cross-species nanovesicles for treatment of bacterial infections.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Recommendations for Studying In Situ Extracellular Vesicles From Solid Tissue.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- The potential of extracellular vesicle-derived nanosystems in precision oncology.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Report on the 2nd MObility for Vesicle research in Europe (MOVE) symposium-2024.FEBS open bio · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMV) have gained attention as a promising new cancer vaccine platform for efficiently provoking immune responses. However, OMV induce severe toxicity by activating the innate immune system. In this study, we applied a simple isolation approach to produce artificial OMV that we have named Synthetic Bacterial Vesicles (SyBV) that do not induce a severe toxic response. We also explored the potential of SyBV as an immunotherapy combined with tumour extracellular vesicles to induce anti-tumour immunity. Bacterial SyBV were produced with high yield by a protocol including lysozyme and high pH treatment, resulting in pure vesicles with very few cytosolic components and no RNA or DNA. These SyBV did not cause systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in mice compared to naturally released OMV. However, SyBV and OMV were similarly effective in activation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Co-immunization with SyBV and melanoma extracellular vesicles elicited tumour regression in melanoma-bearing mice through Th-1 type T cell immunity and balanced antibody production. Also, the immunotherapeutic effect of SyBV was synergistically enhanced by anti-PD-1 inhibitor. Moreover, SyBV displayed significantly greater adjuvant activity than other classical adjuvants. Taken together, these results demonstrate a safe and efficient strategy for eliciting specific anti-tumour responses using immunotherapeutic bacterial SyBV.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.