Observational studyFrontiers in immunology2021
Differential Cytokine Responses in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Limit Efficacy of Remdesivir.
Observational study in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between COVID-19 Infection and Thyroid Cancer Development: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the TriNetX Database.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Differential Cytokine Responses of APOE3 and APOE4 Blood-brain Barrier Cell Types to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- Oxidative stress and COVID-19-associated neuronal dysfunction: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2023Review
- Th-1, Th-2, Th-9, Th-17, Th-22 type cytokine concentrations of critical COVID-19 patients after treatment with Remdesivir.Immunobiology · 2023Article
- Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) in COVID-19 Patients and its Association with the COVID-19 Manifestations.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2022Article
- Cytokine Storm Signature in Patients with Moderate and Severe COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Immune and pathophysiologic profiling of antenatal coronavirus disease 2019 in the GIFT cohort: A Singaporean case-control study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients will progress to critical illness requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. This accentuates the need for a therapy that can reduce the severity of COVID-19. Clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of remdesivir in shortening recovery time and decreasing progression to respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation. However, some studies have highlighted its lack of efficacy in patients on high-flow oxygen and mechanical ventilation. This study uncovers some underlying immune response differences between responders and non-responders to remdesivir treatment. Immunological analyses revealed an upregulation of tissue repair factors BDNF, PDGF-BB and PIGF-1, as well as an increase in ratio of Th2-associated cytokine IL-4 to Th1-associated cytokine IFN-γ. Serological profiling of IgG subclasses corroborated this observation, with significantly higher magnitude of increase in Th2-associated IgG2 and IgG4 responses. These findings help to identify the mechanisms of immune regulation accompanying successful remdesivir treatment in severe COVID-19 patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.