ArticleYouth violence and juvenile justice2020
Exploring the School-to-Prison Pipeline: How School Suspensions Influence Incarceration During Young Adulthood.
Article in Youth violence and juvenile justice, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Getting at the Root: Structural Racism, Policing, and Youth Firearm Homicide.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Connecting the dots: Examining stressful life events, campus climate, and school engagement on academic achievement and psychological distress in a predominantly Latine sample.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2025Article
- Racial Bias in School Discipline and Police Contact: Evidence From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Social Development (ABCD-SD) Study.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Role of Adolescent Anxious Mood, Marijuana Use, and Locus of Control in the School to Prison Pipeline.Education and urban society · 2024Article
- Structural racism and health: Assessing the mediating role of community mental distress and health care access in the association between mass incarceration and adverse birth outcomes.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Collateral consequences of the school-to-prison pipeline: Adolescent substance use and developmental risk.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- "Juvenile & family court journal · 2022Article
- A scalable empathic-mindset intervention reduces group disparities in school suspensions.Science advances · 2022Article
- Vulnerabilities and academic outcomes among students in Puerto Rico.Preventing school failure : alternative education for children and youth · 2022Article
- Declaring Racism a Public Health Crisis in the United States: Cure, Poison, or Both?Frontiers in public healthArticle
- Addressing Structural Racism in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in Psychotherapy.Innovations in clinical neuroscienceReview
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
A growing body of research has evoked the life-course perspective to understand how experiences in school relate to a wide range of longer term life outcomes. This is perhaps best typified by the notion of the school-to-prison pipeline which refers to a process by which youth who experience punitive punishment in schools are increasingly enmeshed within the criminal justice system. While this metaphor is commonly accepted, few studies have examined the extent to which exclusionary school discipline significantly alters pathways toward incarceration as youth transition into young adulthood. Applying a life-course perspective and leveraging 15 waves of data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, this study examines how school suspensions influence the odds of imprisonment during young adulthood. Mixed-effects longitudinal models demonstrate that receiving a suspension serves as a key turning point toward increased odds of incarceration, even after accounting for key covariates including levels of criminal offending. However, results show that repeated suspensions do not appear to confer additional risk of incarceration. Results carry implications for the ways in which school punishment impacts youths' life-course.
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