ReviewHaematologica2021
2021 European Myeloma Network review and consensus statement on smoldering multiple myeloma: how to distinguish (and manage) Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
Review in Haematologica, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and toxicity of treatment of smoldering multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Observation or treatment for smoldering multiple myeloma? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.Blood cancer journal · 2025Pooled it
- Breaking the Balance: Baseline Oxidative Stress and DNA Repair Capacity in Multiple Myeloma Therapy.Cancers · 2026Article
- Article
- Genomic Insights into Tumorigenesis in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Can we identify individuals at risk to develop multiple myeloma? A machine learning-based predictive model.British journal of haematology · 2025Article
- Multiple Myeloma Unpacked.Hematological oncology · 2025Review
- The Molecular Pathology of Blood Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Chromosome and Genetic Abnormalities and Their Clinical Utility.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Circulating plasma cells: from basic mechanisms to clinical applications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Clinical significance of FLC tests in patients without other evidence of hematologic disorder.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Functional cure and long-term survival in multiple myeloma: how to challenge the previously impossible.Haematologica · 2024Review
- Monoclonal Antibodies in Smoldering Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: Current Status and Future Directions.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Interplay between the DNA Damage Response (DDR) Network and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Signaling Pathway in Multiple Myeloma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Immunophenotypic assessment of clonal plasma cells and B-cells in bone marrow and blood in the diagnostic classification of early stage monoclonal gammopathies: an iSTOPMM study.Blood cancer journal · 2023Article
- Monoclonal gammopathy of increasing significance: time to screen?Haematologica · 2023Review
- Review
- Prognostic Relevance of Multi-Antigenic Myeloma-Specific T-Cell Assay in Patients with Monoclonal Gammopathies.Cancers · 2023Article
- Prevalence of smoldering multiple myeloma based on nationwide screening.Nature medicine · 2023Article
- Monoclonal Gammopathies and the Bone Marrow Microenvironment: From Bench to Bedside and Then Back Again.Hematology reports · 2023Review
- The consultant's guide to smoldering multiple myeloma.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
24 authors at 17 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
According to the updated International Myeloma Working Group criteria, smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is an asymptomatic plasma cell disorder characterized by an M-component >3 g/dL, bone marrow plasma cell infiltration >10% and <60%, and absence of any myeloma-defining event. Active multiple myeloma is preceded by SMM, with a median time to progression of approximately 5 years. Cases of SMM range from the extremes of "monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance-like", in which patients never progress during their lifetimes, to "early multiple myeloma", in which transformation into symptomatic disease, based on genomic evolution, may be rapid and devastating. Such a "split personality" makes the prognosis and management of individual patients challenging, particularly with regard to the identification and possible early treatment of high-risk SMM. Outside of clinical trials, the conventional approach to SMM generally remains close observation until progression to active multiple myeloma. However, two prospective, randomized trials have recently demonstrated a significant clinical benefit in terms of time to progression, and of overall survival in one of the two studies, for some patients with higher-risk SMM treated with lenalidomide ± dexamethasone, raising the question of whether such an approach should be considered a new standard of care. In this paper, experts from the European Myeloma Network describe current biological and clinical knowledge on SMM, focusing on novel insights into its molecular pathogenesis, new prognostic scoring systems proposed to identify SMM patients at higher risk of early transformation, and updated results of completed or ongoing clinical trials. Finally, some practical recommendations for the real-life management of these patients, based on Delphi consensus methodology, are provided.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.