ReviewThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021
Approach to the Patient With Adrenal Incidentaloma.
Review in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 108 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
IMPACT-MACS Study: Investigating the Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Cardiometabolic Treatment in Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Tirzepatide Following Adrenalectomy in Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Cardiometabolic comorbidities and cardiovascular events in "non-functioning" adrenal incidentalomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of adrenalectomy with conservative treatment on mild autonomous cortisol secretion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- The cardiometabolic significance of post-dexamethasone cortisol levels below the MACS threshold in adrenal incidentaloma.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Pheochromocytoma Presenting as Spontaneous Adrenal Hemorrhage in a Normotensive Patient: A Case Report.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Hormonal Activity with CT-Derived Body Composition Characteristics in Patients with Adrenal Adenomas.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Frequent antecedent nodules and diagnostic gaps in adrenocortical carcinoma.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Assessment, External Verification and Modification of Models in Diagnosing Primary Aldosteronism Subtypes.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Comparison of Cardiometabolic Profiles in Patients with Nonfunctioning Adrenal Incidentalomas and Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- How Common Is Hypercortisolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes? Risk Factors, Epidemiology, and Making a Diagnosis Using a Dexamethasone Suppression Test.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Is Hypercortisolism Treatable? Which Patients Should Be Treated and How-A Practical Guide for Clinicians.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- The application of artificial intelligence in adrenal imaging: current state of knowledge, challenges, and future directions.Endocrine connections · 2026Article
- Outcomes and opportunities: evaluating an unselected cohort of patients with adrenal incidentaloma at a tertiary hospital in New Zealand.Internal medicine journal · 2026Article
- Evaluation of adrenal incidentalomas: Current approaches, caveats, and unexplored issues.World journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Retrospective Study of Clinical Characteristics, Natural History and Predictive Factors for Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion (MACS) in Patients with Adrenal Incidentalomas in Malaysia.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2026Article
- Adrenalectomy Improves Muscle Strength in Patients with Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: A Comparative Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Genetic background and management outcomes in primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: Implications for diagnosis and treatment-A retrospective cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Cortisol Testing to Diagnose Adrenal Insufficiency Following Adrenalectomy for Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Assessing the informatics utility of artificial intelligence chatbots for patient and clinician support: the case of adrenal incidentaloma.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Bilateral adrenal adenomas presenting with ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism: diagnostic insights from multi-steroid adrenal venous sampling.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Adrenal tumors are commonly discovered incidentally on cross-sectional abdominal imaging performed for reasons other than adrenal mass. Incidence of adrenal tumors increased 10-fold in the past 2 decades, with most diagnosed in older adults. In any patient with a newly discovered adrenal mass, determining whether the adrenal mass is malignant and whether it is hormonally active is equally important to guide the best management. Malignancy is diagnosed in 5% to 8% of patients with adrenal tumors, with a higher risk in young patients, if history of extra-adrenal malignancy, in those with large adrenal tumors with indeterminate imaging characteristics, and in bilateral adrenal tumors. Although overt hormone excess is uncommon in adrenal incidentalomas, mild autonomous cortisol secretion can be diagnosed in up to 30% to 50% of patients. Because autonomous cortisol secretion is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and metabolic abnormalities, all patients with adrenal incidentalomas require work up with dexamethasone suppression test. Management of adrenal tumors varies based on etiology, associated comorbidities, and patient's preference. This article reviews the current evidence on the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with adrenal mass and focuses on management of the most common etiologies of adrenal incidentalomas.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.