ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
COVID-19 virtual patient cohort suggests immune mechanisms driving disease outcomes.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Utilizing Virtual Clinical Trials to Inform Target Coverage That Drives RSV Antiviral Efficacy.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- Decoding cellular population dynamics through mechanistic modelling and statistical data analysis.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Review
- Clinical trial simulation of antiviral drugs.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms underlying immunodynamics of layered defenses elicited by mRNA vaccination in children.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Viral evolution during primary infection in immunocompromised hosts.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- A Nonparametric Approach to Practical Identifiability of Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- A Probabilistic Modeling Analysis of the Longitudinal Immune Response to Infection and Vaccination Across Demographic Groups and Pulmonary Symptoms.Spora : a journal of biomathematics · 2026Article
- A Step-by-Step Workflow for Performing In Silico Clinical Trials With Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Article
- Viral Dynamic Models During COVID-19: Are We Ready for the Next Pandemic?CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Review
- Personalizing computational models to construct medical digital twins.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Using virtual patient cohorts to uncover immune response differences in cancer and immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Mathematical modeling of impacts of patient differences on renin-angiotensin system and applications to COVID-19 lung fibrosis outcomes.Computers in biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Personalizing computational models to construct medical digital twins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Topological Structures in the Space of Treatment-Naïve Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.Cancers · 2024Article
- Decoding immune kinetics: unveiling secrets using custom-built mathematical models.Nature methods · 2024Article
- Genital Dysbiosis and Different Systemic Immune Responses Based on the Trimester of Pregnancy in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 kinetics due to variable timing and intensity of immune responses.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 kinetics due to variable timing and intensity of immune responses.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Public Health Impact of Paxlovid as Treatment for COVID-19, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (BA.4, BA.5) variant: Lessons learned from a new variant during the COVID-19 pandemic.Health science reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To understand the diversity of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and distinguish features that predispose individuals to severe COVID-19, we developed a mechanistic, within-host mathematical model and virtual patient cohort. Our results suggest that virtual patients with low production rates of infected cell derived IFN subsequently experienced highly inflammatory disease phenotypes, compared to those with early and robust IFN responses. In these in silico patients, the maximum concentration of IL-6 was also a major predictor of CD8+ T cell depletion. Our analyses predicted that individuals with severe COVID-19 also have accelerated monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation mediated by increased IL-6 and reduced type I IFN signalling. Together, these findings suggest biomarkers driving the development of severe COVID-19 and support early interventions aimed at reducing inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.