ArticlePloS one2021
The thionin family of antimicrobial peptides.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial Peptides and ESKAPEE Pathogens: A New Frontier in the Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Peptide-Polymer Therapeutics for Cutaneous Infections and Inflammation: Mechanistic Basis, Delivery Design and Translational Considerations.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Plant Peptides on the Rise: From Historical Insight to Future Applications.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial peptides: emerging next-generation strategy for sustainable plant disease management.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2026Review
- Hybrid and conjugated antimicrobial peptides: new tactics to counter bacterial resistance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Do duplication-inducing elements 'cooperate' with genes in evolutionary arms races? A case study on cereal crop pathogenesis.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Thionins: potential use in plant defense against pathogens.Plant molecular biology · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Peptides: Classification, Mechanism, and Application in Plant Disease Resistance.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Review
- Peptides in plant-microbe interactions: Functional diversity and pharmacological applications.Cell surface (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Plant Defense Peptides: Exploring the Structure-Function Correlation for Potential Applications in Drug Design and Therapeutics.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Peptide hormones in plants.Molecular horticulture · 2025Review
- Topical Delivery Systems for Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Agents: A Review of Current Advances.International journal of biomaterials · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial peptides: natural templates for next-generation therapeutics against antimicrobial resistance.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Plant Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Main Families and Roles: A Review of the Literature.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Computational Prediction and Structural Analysis of α-Hairpinins, a Ubiquitous Family of Antimicrobial Peptides, Using the Cysmotif Searcher Pipeline.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Recent Progress in Terrestrial Biota Derived Antibacterial Agents for Medical Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Efficient enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii extract by transgene expression and molecular modification using ionizing radiation.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2024Article
- Whole-genome sequencing and identification of antimicrobial peptide coding genes in parsley (Petroselinum crispum), an important culinary and medicinal Apiaceae species.Functional & integrative genomics · 2024Article
- Plant proteins, peptides, and non-protein amino acids: Toxicity, sources, and analysis.Heliyon · 2024Review
- New Insights into Involvement of Low Molecular Weight Proteins in Complex Defense Mechanisms in Higher Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Thionins are antimicrobial peptides found only in plants. They are first produced as preproproteins and then processed to yield the usually 5 kDa, basic thionin peptide with three or four disulfide bridges. So far, thionins had only been found in some plant families of angiosperms. The One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative (1KP project) has sequenced the transcriptomes of more than 1000 plant species. We have used these data to search for new thionin sequences which gave 225 hits. After removing doublets these resulted in 133 new thionins. No sequences were found in algae and mosses. The phylogenetically earliest hits were from Selaginella species and from conifers. Many hits were from angiosperm plant families which were previously not known to contain thionins. A large gene family for thionins was found in Papaver. We isolated a genomic clone from Papaver somniferum which confirmed the general genomic structure with two small introns within the acidic domain. We also expressed the thionin encoded by the genomic clone and found that it had antimicrobial activity in vitro, especially against fungi. Previously, we had grouped thionins into four classes. The new data reported here led us to revise this classification. We now recognize only class 1 thionins with eight cysteine residues and class 2 thionins with six cysteine residues. The different variants that we found (and also previously known variants) can all be traced back to one of these two classes. Some of the variants had an uneven number of cysteine residues and it is not clear at the moment what that means for their threedimensional structure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.