ArticlePloS one2021
The impact of vaccination to control COVID-19 burden in the United States: A simulation modeling approach.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictive models for health outcomes due to SARS-CoV-2, including the effect of vaccination: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Optimizing vaccine site locations while considering travel inconvenience and public health outcomes.Health care management science · 2026Article
- Article
- Interactions between zoonotic pathogens and infectious disease spread: Why understanding mechanisms and modelling matters more than ever.Biosafety and health · 2025Review
- Safety and immunogenicity of fractional COVID-19 vaccine doses in Nigerian adults: A randomized non-inferiority trial.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of mRNA-based Vaccines for COVID-19, A New Era in Pharmaceuticals: Unspecified and Unknown Aspects, Effects and Challenges.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- False positive results in the Widal test in adults immunized with the Commirnaty (Pfizer-BioNtech) and BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) vaccines against COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines, associated factors and reasons for not taking a vaccine: a cross sectional study among persons aged 13-80 years in Wakiso, Central Uganda.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Disease Control Committee (CDCC) policies on prevention of the disease using Bayes network inference in west of Iran.BMC public health · 2023Observational
- Investigating the effects of vaccine on COVID-19 disease propagation using a Bayesian approach.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The influence of sociodemographic factors on COVID-19 vaccine certificate acceptance: A cross-sectional study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Assessing the Effect of the U.S. Vaccination Program on the Coronavirus Positivity Rate With a Multivariate Framework.GeoHealth · 2023Article
- The Effectiveness of Mobility Restrictions on Controlling the Spread of COVID-19 in a Resistant Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Review
- Understanding Covid-19 Mobility Through Human Capital: A Unified Causal Framework.Computational economics · 2023Article
- Age-Stratified Model to Assess Health Outcomes of COVID-19 Vaccination Strategies, Ghana.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Unraveling the dynamics of the Omicron and Delta variants of the 2019 coronavirus in the presence of vaccination, mask usage, and antiviral treatment.Applied mathematical modelling · 2023Article
- Model-based estimation of burden of COVID-19 with disability-adjusted life years and value of statistical life in West Bengal, India.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Baseline and early changes in laboratory parameters predict disease severity and fatal outcomes in COVID-19 patients.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionVaccination programs aim to control the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the relative impacts of vaccine coverage, effectiveness, and capacity in the context of nonpharmaceutical interventions such as mask use and physical distancing on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are unclear. Our objective was to examine the impact of vaccination on the control of SARS-CoV-2 using our previously developed agent-based simulation model.
methodsWe applied our agent-based model to replicate COVID-19-related events in 1) Dane County, Wisconsin; 2) Milwaukee metropolitan area, Wisconsin; 3) New York City (NYC). We evaluated the impact of vaccination considering the proportion of the population vaccinated, probability that a vaccinated individual gains immunity, vaccination capacity, and adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions. We estimated the timing of pandemic control, defined as the date after which only a small number of new cases occur.
resultsThe timing of pandemic control depends highly on vaccination coverage, effectiveness, and adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions. In Dane County and Milwaukee, if 50% of the population is vaccinated with a daily vaccination capacity of 0.25% of the population, vaccine effectiveness of 90%, and the adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions is 60%, controlled spread could be achieved by June 2021 versus October 2021 in Dane County and November 2021 in Milwaukee without vaccine. DISCUSSION: In controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the impact of vaccination varies widely depending not only on effectiveness and coverage, but also concurrent adherence to nonpharmaceutical interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.