ArticlePloS one2021
If you build it, will they come? Social, economic, and psychological determinants of COVID-19 testing decisions.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Employment type and non-compliance with SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing: insights from a nationwide seroprevalence study in South Korea.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Implementing a Covid-19 Testing Intervention in African American Testing Deserts in Chicago: an Academic-Community Partnership to Promote Covid-19 Health Equity.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Compensate at your own risk: heterogeneity in compliance with preventive behaviors through the lens of economic and social preferences.International journal of health economics and management · 2026Article
- Community-driven secondary distribution of COVID-19 rapid antigen home tests in high-vulnerability Chicago neighborhoods: a community case study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Large-Scale Saliva-Based Clinical Surveillance Enables Real Time SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Detection and Genomic Tracking (Arizona, 2020-2023).Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic determinants potentially underlying differential global SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity: an ecological study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Prevention and Mitigation Decision-Making Processes While Navigating Chronic Disease Care: Perspectives of Black Adults with Heart Failure and Diabetes.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study of COVID-19 testing and disclosure hesitancy: The role of responsibility attribution in South Korea.PloS one · 2025Article
- Impact of emergency financial support program on testing demand, SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, and social isolation during COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil: a quasi-experimental study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Beliefs about COVID-19 testing and treatment: A national survey of Black and White adults.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- From test to rest: evaluating socioeconomic differences along the COVID-19 care pathway in the Netherlands.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2024Observational
- Understanding social risk factors of county-level disparities in COVID-19 tests per confirmed case in South Carolina using statewide electronic health records data.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Experiences with regular testing of students for SARS-CoV-2 in primary and secondary schools: results from a cross-sectional study in two Norwegian counties, autumn 2021.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Acceptability and Feasibility of Saliva-delivered PCR Coronavirus 2019 Tests for Young Children.Pediatrics · 2023Article
- Identifying potential factors associated with PCR testing for COVID-19 among Australian young people: cross-sectional findings from a longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Determinants of COVID-19 testing among late middle-aged and older adults: Applying the health belief model.Aging and health research · 2022Article
- Willingness to share contacts in case of COVID-19 positivity-predictors of collaboration resistance in a nation-wide Italian survey.PloS one · 2022Article
- Intolerance of uncertainty predicts fear of healthcare settings but not desire for testing during the novel coronavirus pandemic.Discover psychology · 2021Article
- Self-Scheduling Process Efficiency and Utilization of Online Self-Scheduling of Lab Tests: A Retrospective Analysis of Self-Scheduled Appointments for COVID Testing.Health services research and managerial epidemiologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe efficacy of testing and tracing programs to reduce COVID-19 transmission hinges not only on widespread access to testing, but also on the public's willingness to participate in them. To the extent that testing intentions are patterned by social determinants of health, this constitutes an understudied mechanism of disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
designUsing data from a representative household probability sample, the Person to Person Health Interview Study (n = 935), sociodemographic, economic, and psychological determinants of testing considerations were evaluated across six domains: treatment affordability, ability to work if positive, hospital effectiveness, symptom severity, proximity to infected, and risk of transmitting to others.
resultsFindings demonstrated significant differences in testing motivations across race/ethnicity, education level, socioeconomic status, and worry about self and loved ones. Notably, Black (p<0.01) and Latino (p<0.05) respondents and those experiencing financial strain (p<0.001) were disproportionately likely to indicate that resource factors would influence their decision to get tested. Desire to reduce transmission and concern about proximity to the infected were reported among those who expressed COVID-19 worries (p<0.001).
conclusionPublic health efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic must address social, economic, and psychological factors that enable and constrain individual behavior. Increasing access to preventative interventions and technologies, including vaccines, is unlikely to markedly reduce morbidity and mortality without effective messaging and economic support to improve uptake in vulnerable populations.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.