ArticlePLoS biology2021
MycoRed: Betalain pigments enable in vivo real-time visualisation of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation.
Article in PLoS biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Mechanisms for the formation and maintenance of microhabitat self-organization in the root system of orchid.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Quantifying Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Colonization via Anthocyanin Pigmentation in Medicago truncatula Roots.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- In planta complementation of the betalain biosynthetic pathway with a bacterial dioxygenase.PloS one · 2025Article
- Creation and resistance evaluation of a new soybean germplasm rich in betalain.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- TheMolecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement · 2024Article
- Efficiently recording and processing data from arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization assays using AMScorer and AMReader.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Engineering a complex, multiple enzyme-mediated synthesis of natural plant pigments in the silkworm,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Characterization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Effector Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Reannotation of Fly Amanita l-DOPA Dioxygenase Gene Enables Its Cloning and Heterologous Expression.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Hairy CRISPR: Genome Editing in Plants Using Hairy Root Transformation.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are mutualistic interactions formed between soil fungi and plant roots. AM symbiosis is a fundamental and widespread trait in plants with the potential to sustainably enhance future crop yields. However, improving AM fungal association in crop species requires a fundamental understanding of host colonisation dynamics across varying agronomic and ecological contexts. To this end, we demonstrate the use of betalain pigments as in vivo visual markers for the occurrence and distribution of AM fungal colonisation by Rhizophagus irregularis in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana benthamiana roots. Using established and novel AM-responsive promoters, we assembled multigene reporter constructs that enable the AM-controlled expression of the core betalain synthesis genes. We show that betalain colouration is specifically induced in root tissues and cells where fungal colonisation has occurred. In a rhizotron setup, we also demonstrate that betalain staining allows for the noninvasive tracing of fungal colonisation along the root system over time. We present MycoRed, a useful innovative method that will expand and complement currently used fungal visualisation techniques to advance knowledge in the field of AM symbiosis.
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