Observational studyAnesthesia and analgesia2021
Beta-Blocker Therapy Is Associated With Increased 1-Year Survival After Hip Fracture Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Observational study in Anesthesia and analgesia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beta-Blocker Use in Patients Undergoing Non-Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of disability-free survival at 5 years after surgery: a prospective observational study.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Article
- Morbidity prediction in conservatively managed rib fracture patients.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Article
- Article
- A nationwide analysis on the interaction between frailty and beta-blocker therapy in hip fracture patients.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2023Article
- The mortality burden of frailty in hip fracture patients: a nationwide retrospective study of cause-specific mortality.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2023Article
- Dementia is a surrogate for frailty in hip fracture mortality prediction.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Article
- Factors associated with functional disability or mortality after elective noncardiac surgery: a prospective cohort study.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2022Article
- Mode of anesthesia is not associated with outcomes following emergency hip fracture surgery: a population-level cohort study.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe high mortality rates seen within the first postoperative year after hip fracture surgery have remained relatively unchanged in many countries for the past 15 years. Recent investigations have shown an association between beta-blocker (BB) therapy and a reduction in risk-adjusted mortality within the first 90 days after hip fracture surgery. We hypothesized that preoperative, and continuous postoperative, BB therapy may also be associated with a decrease in mortality within the first year after hip fracture surgery.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, all adults who underwent primary emergency hip fracture surgery in Sweden, between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2017, were included. Patients with pathological fractures and conservatively managed hip fractures were excluded. Patients who filled a prescription within the year before and after surgery were defined as having ongoing BB therapy. The primary outcome of interest was postoperative mortality within the first year. To reduce the effects of confounding from covariates due to nonrandomization in the current study, the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used. Subsequently, Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to the weighted cohorts. These analyses were repeated while excluding patients who died within the first 30 days postoperatively. This reduces the effect of early deaths due to surgical and anesthesiologic complications as well as the higher degree of advanced directives present in the study population compared to the general population, which allowed for the evaluation of the long-term association between BB therapy and mortality in isolation. Results are reported as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was defined as a 2-sided P value <.05.
resultsA total of 134,915 cases were included in the study. After IPTW, BB therapy was associated with a 42% reduction the risk of mortality within the first postoperative year (adjusted HR = 0.58, 95% CI, 0.57-0.60; P < .001). After excluding patients who died within the first 30 days postoperatively, BB therapy was associated with a 27% reduction in the risk of mortality (adjusted HR = 0.73, 95% CI, 0.71-0.75; P < .001).
conclusionsA significant reduction in the risk of mortality in the first year following hip fracture surgery was observed in patients with ongoing BB therapy. Further investigations into this finding are warranted.
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