ArticleObstetrics and gynecology2021
Adverse Birth Outcomes Associated With Prepregnancy and Prenatal Electronic Cigarette Use.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Birth outcomes following intrauterine exposure to electronic nicotine delivery systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- Vaping during pregnancy: a systematic review of health outcomes.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Population-Based Disease Odds for E-Cigarettes and Dual Use versus Cigarettes.NEJM evidence · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of e-Cigarette and Cigarette Use and Dual Use Associations With Disease: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- Differences in Factors Associated With Preterm and Term Stillbirth: A Secondary Cohort Analysis of the DESiGN Trial.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Trial
- Helping pregnant smokers quit: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial of electronic cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2023Trial
- Nanomolar vanillin, an e-cigarette flavorant, appears to disrupt pluripotency and promote endodermal differentiation in human embryonic stem cells via TRPV4 activation.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Prenatal anxiety, tobacco use, and infant birth weight: a multilevel analysis of PRAMS data.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Vaping during pregnancy and its impact on neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Uterine artery transcriptomic signatures of e-cigarette aerosol exposure in pregnancy.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Vaping during pregnancy and maternal, fetal, and infant health outcomes: A scoping review of human and animal studies.PloS one · 2026Article
- Electronic cigarettes and pregnancy: A social media content analysis.Preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Investigating Pre-pregnancy and Late-Pregnancy E-cigarette Use Exposure and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Cureus · 2025Article
- Vaping in Pregnancy: Unraveling Molecular Drivers of Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Use and co-use of tobacco and cannabis before, during, and after pregnancy: A longitudinal analysis of waves 1-5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2024Article
- Intrapartum Electronic Cigarette Use and Birth Outcomes: Evidence from a Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Demographic Characteristics, Perinatal Smoking Patterns, and Risk for Neonatal Health Complications Among Pregnant Smokers in the United States Who Begin Using Electronic Cigarettes During Pregnancy: A Descriptive Study Using Population-Based Surveillance Data.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Perinatal nicotine vaping exposure induces pro-myofibroblastic phenotype in rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Fetal Growth Following Electronic Cigarette Use in Pregnancy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the risk of adverse birth outcomes among adults who use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) before and during pregnancy.
methodsData from the 2016-2018 PRAMS (Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System) were used to assess the association between e-cigarette use during the 3 months before and last 3 months of pregnancy among 79,176 individuals with a recent live birth and the following birth outcomes: preterm birth, small for gestational age, and low birth weight (LBW). Adjusted prevalence ratios were generated using average marginal predictions from multivariable logistic regression models. Models were stratified by prenatal combustible cigarette smoking and frequency of e-cigarette use (daily or less than daily use).
resultsIn the 3 months before pregnancy, 2.7% (95% CI 2.6-2.9%) of respondents used e-cigarettes; 1.1% (95% CI 1.0-1.2%) used e-cigarettes during the last 3 months of pregnancy. Electronic cigarette use before pregnancy was not associated with adverse birth outcomes. Electronic cigarette use during pregnancy was associated with increased prevalence of LBW compared with nonuse (8.1% vs 6.1%; adjusted prevalence ratio 1.33; 95% CI 1.06-1.66). Among respondents who did not also smoke combustible cigarettes during pregnancy (n=72,256), e-cigarette use was associated with higher prevalence of LBW (10.6%; adjusted prevalence ratio 1.88; 95% CI 1.38-2.57) and preterm birth (12.4%; adjusted prevalence ratio 1.69; 95% CI 1.20-2.39). When further stratified by frequency of e-cigarette use, associations were seen only for daily users.
conclusionE-cigarette use during pregnancy, particularly when used daily by individuals who do not also smoke combustible cigarettes, is associated with adverse birth outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.