ArticleCancer medicine2021
A comprehensive analysis of immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-18 derived from microwave-ablated osteosarcoma facilitates antitumor response.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Bioinformatics analysis and preliminary clinical validation of ITGA9 and NPTX2 as prognosis-related genes in acute myeloid leukemia.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Metabolic-immune crosstalk in osteosarcoma: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Advancements in research regarding the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma (Review).Oncology letters · 2026Review
- A Spatiotemporal Model of CXCL10 as a Master Regulator of Immune Evasion and Metastasis in Osteosarcoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- GTSE1-expressed osteoblastic cells facilitate formation of pro-metastatic tumor microenvironment in osteosarcoma.Genes & diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Genomic profiling of a collection of patient-derived xenografts and cell lines identified ixabepilone as an active drug against chemo-resistant osteosarcoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Survival profiles and associated factors for overall and cancer specific survival in patients with chondroblast and fibroblastic osteosarcoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The metastatic role of the CXCL10-CXCR3 axis and its therapeutic potential in osteosarcoma.Journal of bone oncology · 2025Article
- Applying integrated transcriptome and single-cell sequencing analysis to develop a prognostic signature based on M2-like tumor-associated macrophages for breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Osteosarcoma immune microenvironment: cellular struggle and novel therapeutic insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- A prognostic framework integrating endoplasmic reticulum stress dynamics reveals clinical stratification and differential prognostic attributes in osteosarcoma patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Bioinformatics analysis revealsTranslational cancer research · 2024Article
- Advances and prospects in tumor infiltrating lymphocyte therapy.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Identification and validation of a novel robust glioblastoma prognosis model based on bioinformatics.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Spatial multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis reveals coordinated cellular networks associated with overall survival in metastatic osteosarcoma.Bone research · 2024Article
- Oral transforming growth factor-beta receptor 1 inhibitor vactosertib promotes osteosarcoma regression by targeting tumor proliferation and enhancing anti-tumor immunity.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2024Article
- Kombo knife combined with sorafenib in liver cancer treatment: Efficacy and safety under immune function influence.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Osteosarcoma-Associated Immune Genes as Potential Immunotherapy and Prognosis Biomarkers.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEven though immunotherapy has been an effective treatment for solid tumors, its efficacy in osteosarcoma remains sub-optimal. It is therefore imperative to understand the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) of osteosarcoma to facilitate the development of immunotherapies against this cancer.
methodsThe mRNA expression profiles of osteosarcoma tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Next, the ssGSEA, MCP-counter, CIBERSORT, and Xcell algorithm analyses were performed to characterize the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma tissues. The tumor tissues were divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory. A comprehensive assessment of immune cell infiltration in osteosarcoma tissues was then performed. Sub-group analysis of immune cell infiltration between men and women patients with osteosarcoma was also carried out.
resultsThe results revealed that the infiltration of immune cells including activated B cell, activated CD8 T cell, CD56dim natural killer cell, and cytotoxic lymphocytes cells, in osteosarcoma tissues was higher in male than in female patients. Based on the infiltration profile of different immune cells, the osteosarcoma tissues were grouped into four clusters. The four clusters were further divided into hot and cold tumors. The differently expressed genes (DEGs) between cold and hot tumors were mainly associated with the activation and regulation of immune response. Additionally, a neuronal pentraxin (NPTX2) expression which was upregulated in cold tumors was found to be negatively correlated with the expression of CD8a Molecule (CD8A), Granzyme B (GZMB), and Interferon Gamma (IFNG). NPTX2 decreased CCL4 secretion. Knockdown of NPTX2 in osteosarcoma cells inhibited tumor growth and increased tumor cell apoptosis. Moreover, a prognosis prediction model of osteosarcoma was constructed and validated in patients receiving immunotherapy using external data.
conclusionsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the infiltration of immune cells in osteosarcoma tissues from patients receiving immune infiltration therapy.
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