ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2021
Intravitreal air bubbles following intravitreal injections: a comprehensive analysis.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intravitreal injection delivered volume under different environmental and training conditions.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Tracking real-world persistence and adherence to anti-VEGF intravitreal therapy with prefilled syringes: a German prescription sales analysis.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- [Complaints and complications after intravitreal injection (IVI) and potential risk factors].Die Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Clinical Outcomes and Experiences with Prefilled Syringes Versus Vials for Intravitreal Administration of Anti-VEGF Treatments: A Systematic Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on byReply.2025
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the prevalence of residual air bubbles following intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents, and to compare two techniques designed to reduce their occurrence.
methodsPatients who received intravitreal injections reported the presence of air bubbles following the procedure, and were followed to determine when they disappeared. Two techniques used to reduce air bubbles prior to injection were compared-tapping the syringe with the needle up ("upwards" technique) or down ("downwards" technique). Rates of residual air bubbles were compared between techniques, and between different drugs.
resultsThe study included 344 intravitreal injections, 172 injected with each technique. The overall rate of residual air bubbles was 11.3%, with 94.9% resolution by 48 h. The rate was significantly lower with the "downwards" technique (7.5% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.027). It was also significantly lower with ranibizumab injected using pre-filled syringes than with bevacizumab and aflibercept (0% vs. 12.1% and 14.7%, p < 0.0001). A questionnaire revealed patients reported medium levels of discomfort and a high importance of avoiding air bubbles.
conclusionsResidual air bubbles are a common occurrence, likely to be experienced by most patients undergoing repeated injections. This phenomenon may be significantly reduced by using the described "downwards" technique, or pre-filled syringes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34258656What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.