ReviewJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2021
The interplay of DAMPs, TLR4, and proinflammatory cytokines in pulmonary fibrosis.
Review in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Systems Architecture of Fibrotic Lung Microenvironment in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Cells · 2026Pooled it
- Current perspectives on natural and pharmacological interventions for combating drug-induced pulmonary toxicity.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- The Role of High-Mobility Group Box 1/Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Pericardial Fibrosis and Postoperative Low Cardiac Output Syndrome in Constrictive Pericarditis.Cardiology research · 2026Article
- Residual bile flow shapes PPARγ-mediated antifibrotic responses in experimental segmental cholestasis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adipose-Derived Proinflammatory Visfatin Promotes Vascular Calcification via TLR4 and is Suppressed by Empagliflozin.Inflammation · 2026Article
- HMGB1-Platelet Interactions: Mechanisms and Targeted Therapy Strategies.Thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Review
- Targeting Inflammatory and Oxidative Pathways in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Synergistic Effects of Quercetin and Pirfenidone in Modulating Nrf2/PPAR-γ and TLR-4/NF-κB Pathways.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- Lipid nanoparticle-mediated Cd14 siRNA delivery ameliorates the acute inflammatory response to intracortical microelectrode implantation.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Article
- Attenuating amiodarone-induced lung toxicity by the vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol in rats: targeting TLR4/NF-κB/HIF-1α and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Roles of the Altitude-Adapted Immune Microenvironment in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in High-Altitude Pulmonary Hypertension: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Lung Function Parameters during Anti-TNFα Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2026Article
- Geranylgeranoic acid, toll-like receptor 4, and pyroptosis-related signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma: a hypothesis-generating perspective.Oncology reviews · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation inFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- NF-κB signaling as a critical inflammatory node in pulmonary arterial hypertension: from vascular remodeling to right heart failure.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Protective effect of cannabinoid type II receptor ligand on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice.PloS one · 2026Article
- Taking its TOLL: the role of toll-like receptor 4 in human health and disease, and its potential as a therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrated Serum Pharmacochemistry, Network Pharmacology, and Transcriptomics Reveal the Mechanisms and Active Constituents of Qingfei Huoxue Decoction Against Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- CILP attenuates pulmonary fibrosis through the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Article
- eNAMPT Is a Novel DAMP and Therapeutic Target in Human and Murine Pulmonary Fibrosis.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by progressive deposition of connective tissue, leading to a steady restriction of lung elasticity, a decline in lung function, and a median survival of 4.5 years. The leading causes of pulmonary fibrosis are inhalation of foreign particles (such as silicosis and pneumoconiosis), infections (such as post COVID-19), autoimmune diseases (such as systemic autoimmune diseases of the connective tissue), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The therapeutics currently available for pulmonary fibrosis only modestly slow the progression of the disease. This review is centered on the interplay of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17) as they contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and the possible avenues to develop effective therapeutics that disrupt this interplay.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.