ArticleNature machine intelligence2021
Bio-inspired Acousto-magnetic Microswarm Robots with Upstream Motility.
Article in Nature machine intelligence, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed.
- Learning for micro-scale mechano-flow co-manipulation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional reconfigurable magnetic microswarms with boundary-transcending capabilities.Science advances · 2026Article
- Laser-Guided Self-Rolled Magnetic Microrobots for Targeted Biofilm Eradication in Severely Infected Medical Stents.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Adaptive intrathecal nanorobotics in mice and nonhuman primates for navigated CNS therapy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Physics-constrained learning framework for trustworthy microrobot navigation autonomy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Biomimetic liposomes synergize with high-intensity focused ultrasound to induce ferroptosis in tumors.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Reconfigurable Acoustofluidic Microvortices for Selective Microcargo Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Enable active mobility of untethered miniature robots in high-resistance multiphase medium.Science advances · 2026Article
- Recent Advances in Collective Behaviors of Micro/Nanomotor Swarms.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Physical Intelligence in Small-Scale Robots and Machines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Memsensing by surface ion migration within Debye length.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Swarm coordination of fish-like magnetic soft robots: directed aggregation and shape-adaptive attachment toward efficient drug delivery.National science review · 2025Article
- Cell-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Innovative Drug Transporters for Targeted Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A roadmap for next-generation nanomotors.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Review
- Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots.ACS nano · 2025Review
- Micro- and Nano-Bots for Infection Control.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- Seeing through arthropod eyes: An AI-assisted, biomimetic approach for high-resolution, multi-task imaging.Science advances · 2025Article
- Liquid-bodied antibiofilm robot with switchable viscoelastic response for biofilm eradication on complex surface topographies.Science advances · 2025Article
- Multiorifice acoustic microrobot for boundary-free multimodal 3D swimming.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Swarm Autonomy: From Agent Functionalization to Machine Intelligence.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The ability to propel against flows, i.e., to perform positive rheotaxis, can provide exciting opportunities for applications in targeted therapeutics and non-invasive surgery. To date, no biocompatible technologies exist for navigating microparticles upstream when they are in a background fluid flow. Inspired by many naturally- occurring microswimmers such as bacteria, spermatozoa, and plankton that utilize the non-slip boundary conditions of the wall to exhibit upstream propulsion, here, we report on the design and characterization of self-assembled microswarms that can execute upstream motility in a combination of external acoustic and magnetic fields. Both acoustic and magnetic fields are safe to humans, non-invasive, can penetrate deeply into the human body, and are well-developed in clinical settings. The combination of both fields can overcome the limitations encountered by single actuation methods. The design criteria of the acoustically-induced reaction force of the microswarms, which is needed to perform rolling-type motion, are discussed. We show quantitative agreement between experimental data and our model that captures the rolling behaviour. The upstream capability provides a design strategy for delivering small drug molecules to hard-to-reach sites and represents a fundamental step toward the realization of micro- and nanosystem-navigation against the blood flow.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.