ReviewJournal of ophthalmology2021
Manifestations and Virus Detection in the Ocular Surface of Adult COVID-19 Patients: A Meta-Analysis.
Review in Journal of ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global trends in prevalence of maternal overweight and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of routinely collected data retrospective cohorts.International journal of population data science · 2024Pooled it
- New-onset conjunctivitis 3.5 years post SARS-CoV-2 infection in an inner-city population in the Bronx.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Changes in the spectrum of ocular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2022 in the Hubei Province.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates in tear secretions of inpatient COVID-positive individuals in an Indian tertiary care setting.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of ocular surface temperature in post-COVID-19 patients with different degrees of fever via infrared thermal imaging.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ocular Lesions Related to COVID-19 and Its Vaccines.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Ocular Symptoms Among COVID-19 Positive Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Cureus · 2024Article
- Outpatient human coronavirus associated conjunctivitis in India.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2022Article
- Conjunctival Swabs Reveal Higher Detection Rate Compared to Schirmer Strips for SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection in Tears of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The mechanism underlying extrapulmonary complications of the coronavirus disease 2019 and its therapeutic implication.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- The asymptomatic ocular surface reservoir of coronavirus disease-19 in infants and retinopathy of prematurity screening during the pandemic.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aims to examine the prevalence rate of ocular manifestations and the positive rate for the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival/tear swabs among adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
methodsPubMed and EMBASE were reviewed between December 1, 2019, and January 31, 2021, and only peer-reviewed clinical studies in our pooled analyses were included. Details regarding the patient numbers, demographics, ocular manifestations, positivity of ocular surface RT-PCR, and severity of pneumonia were recorded from each study. Primary outcomes were the occurrence of ocular manifestations and virus detection on the ocular surface. Meanwhile, secondary outcomes included frequencies of various ocular symptoms/signs (s/s), the proportion of patients with ocular manifestation as the initial symptom, and the relationship between the severity of pneumonia and the presentation of ocular manifestations.
resultsIn total, 35 studies with 4,432 adult COVID-19 patients were included in this analysis. The overall prevalence rate of ocular manifestations was found to be 11.3%, and the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular surface was 7.4%. The four most common ocular s/s were follicular conjunctivitis, redness, watering, and discharge. A proportion of 3.3% presented with ocular s/s preceding other findings. Besides, patients with higher severity of pneumonia were more likely to have ocular manifestations (odds ratio = 2.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.45-3.50).
conclusionAs per our findings, it was determined that ocular transmission of SARS-CoV-2 might be possible, highlighting the importance of eye protective equipment among healthcare personnel.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.