ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2021
Association between dual use of e-cigarette and cigarette and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of a nationwide representative sample from 2013 to 2018.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Population-Based Disease Odds for E-Cigarettes and Dual Use versus Cigarettes.NEJM evidence · 2024Pooled it
- Estimating the global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of e-Cigarette and Cigarette Use and Dual Use Associations With Disease: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- Article
- Governing E-cigarettes in China: regulatory challenges and strategies for adolescent protection in the post-flavor ban era.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Comparing smoking-related disease rates from e-cigarette use with those from tobacco cigarette use: a reanalysis of a recently-published study.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Cigarettes Elevates Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Mental Health Issues: Insights from a Korean Health Survey.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Article
- Disparities in Transitions From E-cigarette Use to Other Tobacco Use Patterns Among Sexual Minority Versus Heterosexual Women and Men in the United States.Substance use & addiction journal · 2024Article
- Relieving or aggravating the burden: Non-communicable diseases of dual users of electronic and conventional cigarette in Indonesia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Low Doses of Kretek Cigarette Smoke Altered Rat Lung Histometric, and Overexpression of the p53 Gene.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2024Article
- Vaping, Smoking and Lung Cancer Risk.Journal of oncology research and therapy · 2024Article
- A Content Analysis of Behavior Change Techniques Employed in North American Vaping Prevention Interventions.AJPM focus · 2023Article
- Ethnicity, Coronavirus Disease-Related Stress, and E-cigarette Use and Cigarette Smoking Among Young Adults: A Longitudinal Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Relationship between urinary tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and lung function: Evidence from NHANES 2007-2012.Tobacco induced diseases · 2023Article
- Association between a History of herpes zoster and the risk of Sjögren's syndrome: a nationwide, population-based, case-control study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Factors Associated with Quit Intentions among Adult Smokers in South Korea: Findings from the 2020 ITC Korea Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association between the dual use of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and conventional cigarettes (c-cigarette) and spirometry-defined chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been studied thoroughly.
methodsA total of 47,217 participants were identified in the 2013-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; of them, 12,919 participants aged ≥ 40 who underwent spirometry and had no missing data were enrolled. Pulmonary function testing, urinary cotinine, and urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) levels were compared between dual users, current smokers, former smokers, and non-users using complex sample linear regression analysis. The odds ratio (OR) for COPD was calculated using a complex sample logistic regression model after adjusting for covariates.
resultsAmong current e-cigarette users, approximately 85% of the participants used c-cigarette concurrently, and 1.3% of all the participants were dual users (2.3% in males and 0.1% in females). Both dual users and current smokers showed higher levels of urine cotinine and NNAL than non-users and former smokers. The weighted prevalence of COPD was the highest in dual users (13.8% for all participants and 14.1% for males). The multivariate-adjusted OR of COPD for male dual users, compared to non-users, was 3.46 (P
conclusionsDual use of e-cigarette and c-cigarette is associated with COPD in males.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.