ReviewPain2021
Sex differences in neuroimmune and glial mechanisms of pain.
Review in Pain, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexually Dimorphic Neuroimmune Pathways in Chronic Pain: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms.Biomolecules · 2026Pooled it
- The genetic basis of endometriosis and comorbidity with other pain and inflammatory conditions.Nature genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Comorbidity Associations with Ocular Pain after Cataract Surgery: Overall and Sex-Stratified Analysis.AJO international · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Sex-specific electrophysiological and behavioral responses to nitrous oxide in a murine model of neuropathic pain.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- TREM-1-dependent macrophage infiltration mediates visceral hypersensitivity via vlPAG GABAergic neuron activation in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms in the Chronification of Pain.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- Monocyte-derived IL-10 drives sex differences in pain duration.Science immunology · 2026Article
- Early life social isolation stress and pain vulnerability: unraveling neuroimmune mechanisms and central sensitization.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Analgesic efficacy in women and men with cancer pain, treated with strong opioids: are there differences?BMJ oncology · 2026Article
- A Surface-Engineered Cerium Oxide Nanozyme Functionalized with L-Theanine for Redox and Inflammatory Modulation in Neuropathic Pain.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Repetitive Blast Exposure Drives Chronic Pain in Female Rats.Journal of neuroscience research · 2025Article
- Chronic pain increases sensitivity to pain-induced reinstatement of ethanol seeking in male mice.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Alcohol use disorder-associated pain: clinical and preclinical evidence.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Chronic intermittent ethanol produces nociception through endocannabinoid-independent mechanisms in mice.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Associations of pain phenotypes and pain relief medications with stroke and its subtypes: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the transition to chronic pain.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
abstractPain is the primary motivation for seeking medical care. Although pain may subside as inflammation resolves or an injury heals, it is increasingly evident that persistency of the pain state can occur with significant regularity. Chronic pain requires aggressive management to minimize its physiological consequences and diminish its impact on quality of life. Although opioids commonly are prescribed for intractable pain, concerns regarding reduced efficacy, as well as risks of tolerance and dependence, misuse, diversion, and overdose mortality rates limit their utility. Advances in development of nonopioid interventions hinge on our appreciation of underlying mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity. For instance, the contributory role of immunity and the associated presence of autoimmune syndromes has become of particular interest. Males and females exhibit fundamental differences in innate and adaptive immune responses, some of which are present throughout life, whereas others manifest with reproductive maturation. In general, the incidence of chronic pain conditions, particularly those with likely autoimmune covariates, is significantly higher in women. Accordingly, evidence is now accruing in support of neuroimmune interactions driving sex differences in the development and maintenance of pain hypersensitivity and chronicity. This review highlights known sexual dimorphisms of neuroimmune signaling in pain states modeled in rodents, which may yield potential high-value sex-specific targets to inform future analgesic drug discovery efforts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.