Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34256309›Full record

ArticleEuropean neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology2021

Cognitive heterogeneity is a key predictor of differential functional outcome in patients with bipolar disorder.

Katherine E Burdick, Caitlin E Millett

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Preliminary Investigation of the Association Between Epigenetic Aging Acceleration and Amyloid Biomarkers in Bipolar Disorder.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Early diagnosis of bipolar disorder.World journal of psychiatry · 2025
    Review
  8. The NNDC Road Map for Depression Care and Focused Areas of Research.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Impact of Anticholinergic Burden on Cognitive Functions in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Schizophrenia.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. The clinical characterization of the adult patient with bipolar disorder aimed at personalization of management.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2022
    Article
  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Katherine E BurdickMood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA. Electronic address: kburdick1@bwh.harvard.edu.
Caitlin E MillettMood and Psychosis Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA.
Brigham and Women's Hospital · USHarvard University · US

Funding

Brain-based Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation in Aging and Mood DisordersR01MH124381 · NIMH · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI BURDICK, KATHERINE ELIZABETH, GUNNING, FAITH M · 2021 to 2025
$4.1M
Understanding the Neurocognitive Heterogeneity in Bipolar DisorderR01MH100125 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI BURDICK, KATHERINE ELIZABETH · 2013 to 2017
$2.1M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH100125NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH124381
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex illness with variability at the level of symptom presentation, clinical course, cognitive capacity, and everyday function. Cognition is a key predictor of functional disability in BD, however, much remains unknown about the development and presentation of cognitive dysfunction in BD. Studies have shown that 30-50% of affectively stable people with BD are indistinguishable from healthy individuals in terms of cognitive presentation. In contrast, many people with BD have moderate to severe cognitive deficits, in some cases on par with what is typically observed in schizophrenia (SZ). Recent research efforts have aimed to parse this cognitive heterogeneity using unsupervised statistical techniques, resulting in more homogeneous subgroups. This method has provided new insights into the clinical and biological predictors of a potentially - neuroprogressive - declinin - gcognitive course in BD. Future studies that include detailed longitudinal follow-up in large BD cohorts hold promise for guiding the development of novel treatments that reach beyond the primary affective symptoms and target functionally relevant outcomes to promote full recovery.

Indexed as

Bipolar DisorderCognition DisordersSchizophreniaCognitionHumansNeuropsychological TestsCognitionFunctional disabilityHeterogeneity

Identifiers

PMID34256309
PMCPMC8633033
OpenAlexW3179460728

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.