ArticleThe oncologist2021
Adoptive Transfer of Autologous Invariant Natural Killer T Cells as Immunotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Phase I Clinical Trial.
Article in The oncologist, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03175679 (A Study of Adoptive Invariant Nature Killer T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Study of Adoptive Invariant Nature Killer T Cell Therapy for Relapsed/Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Immunotherapy in the Management of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic impact of invariant natural killer T cells in solid and hematological tumors; systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy of Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Infusion Plus Transarterial Embolization vs Transarterial Embolization Alone for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2023Trial
- Innate-like T Cell Biology in the Tumor Microenvironment Implications for Cancer Immunotherapy.Cells · 2026Review
- Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Therapy Attenuates Systemic Inflammation and Improves Transarterial Chemoembolization Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Facts and Hopes of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Redirected NK T Cells.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Review
- Dual regulatory role of natural killer T cells during development of hepatocellular carcinoma.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Invariant NK T cells counteract HCC metastasis by mediating the migration of splenic CD4Communications biology · 2025Article
- Review
- CAR-iNKT cells: redefining the frontiers of cellular immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Coinfection with HIV-1 skews iNKT cells toward TCR anergy and limited expansion potential in people with hepatitis C.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Exploration of the role of immune cells and cell therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Significance of Immune and Non-Immune Cell Stroma as a Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma-From Inflammation to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Human CD4Immunology · 2024Article
- Rejuvenation Strategy for Inducing and Enhancing Autoimmune Response to Eliminate Senescent Cells.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Comparative assessment of autologous and allogeneic iNKT cell transfer in iNKT cell-based immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Traversing the bench to bedside journey for iNKT cell therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Natural Killer T Cell Diversity and Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2023Review
- Innate lymphoid cells and innate-like T cells in cancer - at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2023Review
- Innate-like T lymphocytes in chronic liver disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
lessons learnedAdministration of autologous invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells was safe and well-tolerated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B/C). Expanded iNKT cells produced T-helper 1-like responses with possible antitumor activity. No severe adverse events were observed in any of the enrolled patients, including one patient who received 10
backgroundInvariant natural killer T cells co-express T-cell antigen receptor and natural killer (NK) cell receptors. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells exhibit antitumor activity, but their numbers and functions are impaired in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The adoptive transfer of iNKT cells might treat advanced HCC.
methodsThis phase I study (NCT03175679) enrolled 10 patients with HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC] stage B/C) at Beijing YouAn Hospital (April 2017 to May 2018). iNKT cells isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were expanded and alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-pulsed. Dosage escalated from 3 × 10
resultsExpanded iNKT cells produced greater quantities of T-helper 1 (Th1) cytokines (e.g., interferon-gamma, perforin, and granzyme B) but less interleukin-4 than nonexpanded iNKT cells. Circulating numbers of iNKT cells and activated NK cells were increased after iNKT cell infusion. Most treatment-related adverse events were grade 1-2, and three grade 3 adverse events were reported; all resolved without treatment. Four patients were progression-free at 5.5, 6, 7, and 11 months after therapy, and one patient was alive and without tumor recurrence at the last follow-up. Five patients died at 1.5 to 11 months after treatment.
conclusionAutologous iNKT cell treatment is safe and well-tolerated. Expanded iNKT cells produce Th1-like responses with possible antitumor activity. The antitumor effects of iNKT cell infusion in patients with advanced HCC merit further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.