ArticlePloS one2021
Disseminated disease due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV positive patients: A retrospective case control study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Characteristics of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infection in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Article
- Nontuberculosis Mycobacterial Infections: A Series of 14 Cases from a Tertiary Care Center in Türkiye.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2026Article
- A diagnostic model for NTM disease in HIV-positive patients: a machine learning-based analysis with novel inflammatory markers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Management Challenges of Extrapulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection: A Single-Center Case Series and Literature Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- DisseminatedJournal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDisseminated infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria has been a major factor of mortality and comorbidity in HIV patients. Until 2018, U.S. American guidelines have recommended antimycobacterial prophylaxis in patients with low CD4 cell counts, a practice that has not been adopted in Europe. This study aimed at examining the impact of disseminated NTM disease on clinical outcome in German HIV patients with a severe immunodeficiency. MATERIALS AND
methodsIn this retrospective case control study, HIV patients with disseminated NTM disease were identified by retrospective chart review and matched by their CD4 cell counts to HIV patients without NTM infection in a 1:1 alocation. Primary endpoints were mortality and time to first rehospitalisation. In addition, other opportunistic diseases, as well as antimycobacterial and antiretroviral treatments were examined.
resultsBetween 2006 and 2016, we identified 37 HIV patients with disseminated NTM disease. Most of them were suffering from infections due to M. avium complex (n = 31, 77.5%). Time to event analysis showed a non-significant trend to higher mortality in patients with disseminated NTM disease (p = 0.24). Rehospitalisation took place significantly earlier in patients with disseminated NTM infections (median 40.5 days vs. 109 days, p<0.0001).
conclusionIn this retrospective case control study, we could demonstrate that mortality is not significantly higher in HIV patients with disseminated NTM disease in the ART era, but that they require specialised medical attention in the first months following discharge.
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