ReviewHead and neck pathology2022
Malignant Transformation Rate of Non-reactive Oral Hyperkeratoses Suggests an Early Dysplastic Phenotype.
Review in Head and neck pathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated Clinical, Histopathological, and Inflammatory Parameters for Predicting Malignant Transformation in High-Risk Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Prospective Study.Head and neck pathology · 2026Article
- Article
- Mitochondria-Associated Pathways in Cancer and Precancerous Conditions: Mechanistic Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cytopathological quantification of NORs using artificial intelligence to oral cancer screening.Brazilian oral research · 2025Article
- Immunophenotypic and Gene Expression Analyses of the Inflammatory Microenvironment in High-Grade Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Oral Lichen Planus.Head and neck pathology · 2024Article
- Detection of human papillomavirus infection in oral mucosal diseases: A single-center study.JADA foundational science · 2024Article
- New insights into the role of the oral leukoplakia microenvironment in malignant transformation.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Review
- Total RNA sequencing reveals gene expression and microbial alterations shared by oral pre-malignant lesions and cancer.Human genomics · 2023Article
- Total RNA sequencing reveals gene expression and microbial alterations shared by oral pre-malignant lesions and cancer.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Chemoprevention in oral leukoplakia: challenges and current landscape.Frontiers in oral health · 2023Review
- Clinical and Histologic Features Associated With Malignant Transformation of Oral Cavity Dysplasia Managed at a Single North American Institution.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The presence of epithelial dysplasia (ED) in oral leukoplakia is the single most important predictor of malignant transformation (MT). The majority of leukoplakias, however, do not show evidence of ED and yet MT of these lesions is well-recognized. These lesions have been referred to as "hyperkeratosis/hyperplasia, no dysplasia," "keratosis of unknown significance" and "hyperkeratosis, not reactive (HkNR)." This study evaluates the MT rate of such leukoplakias. A literature review was performed to identify cohort studies on leukoplakias where (1) there was a recorded histopathologic diagnosis, (2) cases of "hyperkeratosis/hyperplasia, no dysplasia" comprised part of the cohort, and (3) follow-up information was available. There were 9,358 leukoplakias, of which 28.5% exhibited ED while 37.7% consisted of HkNR. Follow-up ranged from 15 to 73 months. The incidence of MT in leukoplakia exhibiting HkNR was 4.9%, compared to 15.3% for ED. Among oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) with previously biopsied, site-specific precursor lesions, 55.7% arose from ED/carcinoma in situ and 28.0% arose from HkNR. Leukoplakia exhibiting HkNR has a substantial MT rate, similar to that of mild ED, and must be recognized and managed appropriately to reduce oral SCC incidence.
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Registered trials
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