ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Determinants of fatty acid content and composition of human milk fed to infants born weighing <1250 g.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02137473 (Optimizing Mothers' Milk for Preterm Infants), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Optimizing Mothers' Milk for Preterm Infants (OptiMoM) Program of Research: Study 2-Bovine vs. Human Milk-Based Fortifier Study
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Total Fat and Fatty Acid Composition of Preterm Human Milk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammatory Markers in Mother's Own Milk and Infant Stool of Very Low Birthweight Infants.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2023Trial
- Article
- Differential analysis of milk fatty acids in human, Saanen goat, Holstein cow, and Jersey cow milk at different stages of lactation.Animal bioscience · 2025Article
- Deciphering macronutrient information about human milk.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Review
- A maternal low-protein diet results in sex-specific differences in synaptophysin expression and milk fatty acid profiles in neonatal rats.Journal of nutritional science · 2024Article
- Higher Availability of Long-Chain Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Preterm than in Full-Term Human Milk.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Fatty Acid Transfer from Blood to Milk Is Disrupted in Mothers with Low Milk Production, Obesity, and Inflammation.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Associations of maternal inflammatory states with human milk composition in mothers of preterm infants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Perspective: Human Milk Composition and Related Data for National Health and Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInfants born at very low birth weight (VLBW) are vulnerable to deficits in fatty acids (FAs) but little is known of factors that influence the intakes or composition of their human milk feeds.
objectivesWe aimed to identify sources of variability in the fat composition of human milk fed to VLBW infants and examine the impact of milk source (mother's own or donor) on fat and FA intakes.
methodsSerial samples of mother's milk (n = 476) and donor milk (n = 53) fed to infants born weighing <1250 g (n = 114 infants from 100 mothers) were collected [Optimizing Mothers' Milk for Preterm Infants (OptiMoM) randomized clinical trial]. Fat and FA were analyzed using a mid-infrared human milk analyzer and GC with flame ionization detection.
resultsAt full enteral feeding, donor milk is estimated to provide 1.3 g · kg-1 · d-1 less total fat than mature mother's milk (recommended intake: 4.8 g · kg-1 · d-1), and 5-9 mg · kg-1 · d-1 less DHA (22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) (estimated average requirement: 55-60 and 35-45 mg · kg-1 · d-1, respectively) than colostrum or transitional milk. Similar deficits were observed in measured intakes of a subset of OptiMoM infants. In multivariable-adjusted models, maternal ethnicity had medium to large [≥0.5 SD score (SDS)] effects on DHA, SFAs, and MUFAs. Mothers with prepregnancy BMI in overweight and obese categories had higher milk total fat (β: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.61 and β: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.77 SDS, respectively). Those with BMI ≥30 in addition had higher proportions of SFAs (β: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.33, 0.89 SDS) and lower DHA (β: -0.54; 95% CI: -0.89, -0.20 SDS). Other factors, such as gestational age and income, were also associated with FA composition.
conclusionsThe fat and FA content of human milk fed to VLBW infants is variable. Care must be taken to ensure fat and FA intakes meet recommendations, particularly when feeding a high proportion of donor milk.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02137473.
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