Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34254939›Full record

ArticleJMIR mental health2021

Factors Associated With Psychological Disturbances During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicountry Online Study.

Martyna Plomecka, Susanna Gobbi, Rachael Neckels, Piotr Radzinski, Beata Skorko, Samuel Lazzeri, Kristina Almazidou, Alisa Dedic, Asja Bakalovic, Lejla Hrustic and 13 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR mental health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. From Screens to Scars: Understanding the Association Between Social Media Engagement and Trauma During Crises and Emergency Situations.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors at 15 institutions in 12 countries.

Martyna Plomecka *Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-4754
Susanna Gobbi *Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2115-3116
Rachael NeckelsDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-3309
Piotr RadzinskiFaculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Mechanics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5107-7487
Beata SkorkoMedical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1083-0908
Samuel LazzeriFaculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-7112
Kristina AlmazidouFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7424-7044
Alisa DedicFaculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-0446
Asja BakalovicFaculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5876-8237
Lejla HrusticFaculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-6557
Zainab AshrafFaculty of Arts, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1588-8009
Sarvin Es HaghiFaculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-973X
Luis Rodriguez-PinoFaculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9245-1607
Verena WallerLaboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-1968
Hafsa JabeenDow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9975-6585
A Beyza AlpFaculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-2762
Mehdi BehnamNeuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2292-5373
Dana ShibliFaculty of Medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6912-4365
Zofia Baranczuk-TurskaInstitute of Mathematics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4546-0839
Zeeshan HaqTexas Behavioral Health, Houston, TX, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5126-6744
Salah QureshiTexas Behavioral Health, Houston, TX, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5126-6744
Adriana M StruttBaylor Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5126-6744
Ali JawaidCenter of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5126-6744
University of Zurich · CHUniversity of Tuzla · BAAristotle University of Thessaloniki · GRBaylor College of Medicine · USBoise State University · USDow University of Health Sciences · PKInstytut Biologii Doświadczalnej im. Marcelego Nenckiego · PLMaltepe University · TRMedical University of Warsaw · PLShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences · IRUniversitat de València · ESUniversity of Groningen · NLUniversity of Jordan · JOUniversity of Warsaw · PLUniversity of Waterloo · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the mental health of individuals. However, the susceptibility of individuals to be impacted by the pandemic is variable, suggesting potential influences of specific factors related to participants' demographics, attitudes, and practices.

objectiveWe aimed to identify the factors associated with psychological symptoms related to the effects of the first wave of the pandemic in a multicountry cohort of internet users.

methodsThis study anonymously screened 13,332 internet users worldwide for acute psychological symptoms related to the COVID-19 pandemic from March 29 to April 14, 2020, during the first wave of the pandemic amidst strict lockdown conditions. A total of 12,817 responses were considered valid. Moreover, 1077 participants from Europe were screened a second time from May 15 to May 30, 2020, to ascertain the presence of psychological effects after the ease down of restrictions.

resultsFemale gender, pre-existing psychiatric conditions, and prior exposure to trauma were identified as notable factors associated with increased psychological symptoms during the first wave of COVID-19 (P<.001). The same factors, in addition to being related to someone who died due to COVID-19 and using social media more than usual, were associated with persistence of psychological disturbances in the limited second assessment of European participants after the restrictions had relatively eased (P<.001). Optimism, ability to share concerns with family and friends like usual, positive prediction about COVID-19, and daily exercise were related to fewer psychological symptoms in both assessments (P<.001).

conclusionsThis study highlights the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at the worldwide level on the mental health of internet users and elucidates prominent associations with their demographics, history of psychiatric disease risk factors, household conditions, certain personality traits, and attitudes toward COVID-19.

Indexed as

COVID-19depressiongeneral psychological disturbanceglobalmental healthpandemicposttraumatic stress disorder

Identifiers

PMID34254939
PMCPMC8396308
OpenAlexW3182858143

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.