ArticleEpigenetics2022
A comparison of epithelial cell content of oral samples estimated using cytology and DNA methylation.
Article in Epigenetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A meta-analysis of immune-cell fractions at high resolution reveals novel associations with common phenotypes and health outcomes.Genome medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Telehealth Parenting Program and Salivary Epigenetic Biomarkers in Preschool Children With Developmental Delay: NIMHD Social Epigenomics Program.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- Fanconi Anemia as a Window into Premalignant Field Cancerization of the Oral Mucosa.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Probing buccal-customized epigenetic clocks to investigate socioeconomic and health disparities.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Comparison of DNA methylation measured in saliva and peripheral blood as a marker of exposure and outcome: a scoping review.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Not all saliva samples are equal: The role of cellular heterogeneity in DNA methylation and epigenetic age analyses with biological and psychosocial factors.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Impact of acute stress exposure on genome-wide DNA methylation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of Early Life Adversity on Peripubertal Accelerated Epigenetic Aging and Psychopathology.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Article
- Genetic and environmental contributions to epigenetic aging across adolescence and young adulthood.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Exome Sequencing to Identify Novel Susceptibility Genes for Nonsyndromic Split-Hand/Ft Malformation: A Report From the National Birth Defects Prevention Study.Birth defects research · 2025Article
- Applying blood-derived epigenetic algorithms to saliva: cross-tissue similarity of DNA-methylation indices of aging, physiology, and cognition.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
- Natural and induced immune responses in oral cavity and saliva.BMC immunology · 2025Review
- EpiAge: a next-generation sequencing-basedAging · 2025Article
- Impact of age-related changes in buccal epithelial cells on pediatric epigenetic biomarker research.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The Association Between Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA), Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Intervening After Trauma: Child-Parent Psychotherapy Treatment Is Associated With Lower Pediatric Epigenetic Age Acceleration.Psychological science · 2024Article
- Utilizing epigenetics to study the shared nature of development and biological aging across the lifespan.NPJ science of learning · 2024Review
- Challenges and perspectives in computational deconvolution of genomics data.Nature methods · 2024Review
- Self-control is associated with health-relevant disparities in buccal DNA-methylation measures of biological aging in older adults.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Self-control is associated with health-relevant disparities in buccal DNA-methylation measures of biological aging in older adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Saliva and buccal samples are popular for epigenome wide association studies (EWAS) due to their ease of collection compared and their ability to sample a different cell lineage compared to blood. As these samples contain a mix of white blood cells and buccal epithelial cells that can vary within a population, this cellular heterogeneity may confound EWAS. This has been addressed by including cellular heterogeneity obtained through cytology at the time of collection or by using cellular deconvolution algorithms built on epigenetic data from specific cell types. However, to our knowledge, the two methods have not yet been compared. Here we show that the two methods are highly correlated in saliva and buccal samples (R = 0.84, P < 0.0001) by comparing data generated from cytological staining and Infinium MethylationEPIC arrays and the EpiDISH deconvolution algorithm from buccal and saliva samples collected from twenty adults. In addition, by using an expanded dataset from both sample types, we confirmed our previous finding that age has strong, non-linear negative correlation with epithelial cell proportion in both sample types. However, children and adults showed a large within-population variation in cellular heterogeneity. Our results validate the use of the EpiDISH algorithm in estimating the effect of cellular heterogeneity in EWAS and showed DNA methylation generally underestimates the epithelial cell content obtained from cytology.
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