ArticlePharmaceutical research2021
Size-Dependent Absorption through Stratum Corneum by Drug-Loaded Liposomes.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Berberine-Loaded Composite Phospholipid Ethosome Hydrogels: A Therapeutic for Mastitis via Regulating the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Critical quality attributes of lipid nanoparticles andAsian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Progress in topical nanoformulations against bacterial skin and soft tissue infections- current trends.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Keratin-Functionalized Transfersomes for Improving the Skin Permeation and Deposition of Podophyllotoxin.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Tripeptide-Loaded Liposomes as Multifunctional Components in Topical Formulations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Paclitaxel-loaded elastic liposomes synthesised by microfluidics technique for enhance transdermal delivery.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Harnessing Cationic Bilosomes to Create a Green Light-Triggered Nanoplatform for Skin Melanoma Treatment.Nanotechnology, science and applications · 2025Article
- Microneedle-Array-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of GCV-Functionalized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Nanoparticles for KSHV Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Development and Efficacy Evaluation of Innovative Cosmetic Formulations withPharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Sustainable Silk-Based Particulate Systems for the Controlled Release of Pharmaceuticals and Bioactive Agents in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- High Levels of Anxiety, Depression, Risk of Suicide, and Implications for Treatment in Patients with Lamellar Ichthyosis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Proteinase K/Retinoic Acid-Loaded Cationic Liposomes as Multifunctional Anti-Acne Therapy to Disorganize Biofilm and Regulate Keratinocyte Proliferation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Use of Retinoids in Topical Antiaging Treatments: A Focused Review of Clinical Evidence for Conventional and Nanoformulations.Advances in therapy · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTopical treatment of various skin disorders requires drug absorption and penetration through the stratum corneum (SC) into the epidermis and dermis tissues. The use of nano-drug delivery systems including liposomes and lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have been shown to facilitate SC penetration. The goal of this work was to study the impact of liposome sizes and the resulted drug distribution inside various skin tissue.
methodsAll trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was used as the model drug and loaded into gel phase HSPC/CHOL/DSPE-PEG liposomes (lipo-ATRA) with sizes ranging from 80 nm to more than 300 nm. The percutaneous drug absorption process was monitored and analyzed.
resultsThere were significant differences in percutaneous absorption and tissue distribution resulted from liposomes smaller than 100 nm and those bigger than 200 nm. Lipo-ATRA with a mean diameter of 83 nm can deliver the content to epidermis and dermis. But for 200 nm - 300 nm liposomes, the resulted epidermis and dermis ATRA levels were less than about one third, suggesting bigger liposomes had poor penetration through the brick and mortar structure of SC.
conclusionsGel phase liposomes with sizes under 100 nm improved encapsulated drug absorption and distribution into the epidermis and dermis tissues. A size dependent mechanism for liposome penetration of the stratum corneum was proposed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.