ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2021
The blood-tumour barrier in cancer biology and therapy.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 170 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
170 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 259 citations in OpenAlex.
- Demystifying the potential of lipid-based nanocarriers in targeting brain malignancies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical Management of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Brain Metastases, and Actionable Genomic Alterations: A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Intrathecal trastuzumab versus alternate routes of delivery for HER2-targeted therapies in patients with HER2+ breast cancer leptomeningeal metastases.Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2023Pooled it
- A Phase 0 Trial of Ceritinib in Patients with Brain Metastases and Recurrent Glioblastoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- Preclinical evaluation of trastuzumab deruxtecan in a new HER2+ leptomeningeal colonization model.Cancer letters · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- The Enemy of My Enemy: Two Cases of De Novo Metastatic Small-Cell Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer with BRCA2 Alterations and Brain Metastases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Translational Theranostics in Glioblastoma: FAPI-46 as a Precision Medicine Tool.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Spatially resolved transcriptomics in human brain metastases identifies macrophage-tumor interactions associated with survival.iScience · 2026Article
- Systematic Design and Evaluation of Nasal Drug Delivery for Central Nervous System Disease from Experimental to Clinical Application.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Integrating Endovascular Drug Delivery into the Therapeutic Landscape of Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2026Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promote Brain Metastasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Tasimelteon inhibits glioma proliferation by inducing ferroptosis via the SP1/ACSL4 pathway.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Alkaline loading of extracellular vesicles produced from human neural stem cell-derived neurospheres enables CNS drug delivery.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- From Antipsychotic to Antitumor Agent: Cariprazine Suppresses Glioblastoma via D2/D3-ARRB2 Axis Modulation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antibody-drug conjugates in breast cancer brain and leptomeningeal metastases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic progress.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Interleukin-34-Induced Arg1+ Macrophages Play a Key Role in Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis.Cancer research communications · 2026Article
- In Vitro Evaluation of PARP1 Inhibitor Olaparib-Cyanine Dye Conjugate for the Treatment of Glioblastoma.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Review
110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The protective blood-brain barrier has a major role in ensuring normal brain function by severely limiting and tightly controlling the ingress of substances into the brain from the circulation. In primary brain tumours, such as glioblastomas, as well as in brain metastases from cancers in other organs, including lung and breast cancers and melanoma, the blood-brain barrier is modified and is referred to as the blood-tumour barrier (BTB). Alterations in the BTB affect its permeability, and this structure participates in reciprocal regulatory pathways with tumour cells. Importantly, the BTB typically retains a heterogeneous capacity to restrict the penetration of many therapeutic agents into intracranial tumours, and overcoming this challenge is a key to improving the effectiveness of treatment and patient quality of life. Herein, current knowledge of BTB structure and function is reviewed from a cell and cancer biology standpoint, with a focus on findings derived from in vivo models and human tumour specimens. Additionally, how this knowledge can be translated into clinical advances for patients with cancer is discussed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.