ReviewTrends in microbiology2022
Diversity and function of arthropod endosymbiont toxins.
Review in Trends in microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Wolbachia strain wLhui induces temperature-dependent incomplete cytoplasmic incompatibility in the invasive pest Liriomyza huidobrensis with biocontrol potential.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Ribosome-inactivating proteins in bacteria.Microbial genomics · 2026Review
- Genome assembly and protein structure modeling reveal key molecular features of divergentMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Complete transition from chromosomal to cytoplasmic sex determination during prolonged Wolbachia symbiosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genomic stability and differential expression of type V cif genes inISME communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Diverse toxin repertoire but limited metabolic capacities inferred from the draft genome assemblies of threeMicrobial genomics · 2025Article
- Experimental horizontal transfer of phage-derived genes to Drosophila confers innate immunity to parasitoids.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Genetic and genomic variability ofISME communications · 2025Article
- Insect-microbe interactions and their influence on organisms and ecosystems.Ecology and evolution · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Intracellular symbiont Symbiodolus is vertically transmitted and widespread across insect orders.The ISME journal · 2024Article
- Sexual antagonism in sequential hermaphrodites.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Flies co-opt bacterial toxins for use in defense against parasitoids.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Evolution of insect innate immunity through domestication of bacterial toxins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- A male-killing gene encoded by a symbiotic virus of Drosophila.Nature communications · 2023Article
- 'Microbial genomics · 2023Article
- Review
- Metagenome diversity illuminates origins of pathogen effectors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial endosymbionts induce dramatic phenotypes in their arthropod hosts, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, feminization, parthenogenesis, male killing, parasitoid defense, and pathogen blocking. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown but recent evidence suggests that protein toxins secreted by the endosymbionts play a role. Here, we describe the diversity and function of endosymbiont proteins with homology to known bacterial toxins. We focus on maternally transmitted endosymbionts belonging to the Wolbachia, Rickettsia, Arsenophonus, Hamiltonella, Spiroplasma, and Cardinium genera because of their ability to induce the above phenotypes. We identify at least 16 distinct toxin families with diverse enzymatic activities, including AMPylases, nucleases, proteases, and glycosyltransferases. Notably, several annotated toxins contain domains with homology to eukaryotic proteins, suggesting that arthropod endosymbionts mimic host biochemistry to manipulate host physiology, similar to bacterial pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.