ArticleBMC neurology2021
Treatment of spasticity in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in Northern Europe: a CP-North registry study.
Article in BMC neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does botulinum neurotoxin A make walking easier in children with cerebral palsy? A randomized clinical trial.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Trial
- Review
- Evaluating the Intensity of Muscle Contraction by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, a Potential Application for Scaling Muscle Spasm.Journal of biophotonics · 2025Article
- Between Anxiety and Adaptation: Children's and Parents' Experiences with Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Cerebral Palsy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- The evolution of nutrition management in children with severe neurological impairment with a focus on cerebral palsy.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Review
- Multimodal surgical strategy for mixed refractory hypertonia in a patient with cerebral palsy: C1-2 puncture and pectoral pocket for baclofen pump implantation following lumbosacral ventral-dorsal rhizotomy. Illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2024Article
- Knee and ankle range of motion and spasticity from childhood into adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study of 3,223 individuals with cerebral palsy.Acta orthopaedica · 2024Article
- Effect of psychostimulant medications on physical function in children with cerebral palsy: scoping review.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Psychostimulant Medications for Physical Function and Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Correspondence between Expected, Perceived, and Measured Effects of BoNT-A Treatment in Calf Muscles among Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy: A Mixed Methods Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Selective dorsal rhizotomy in non-ambulant children with cerebral palsy: a multi-center prospective study.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2024Observational
- The state of the art in therapeutic administration of botulinum toxin in children with cerebral palsy: an integrative review.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2024Review
- An Integrated Approach for Real-Time Monitoring of Knee Dynamics with IMUs and Multichannel EMG.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Positional Change Used to Manage Postextubation Respiratory Failure in a Child With Cerebral Palsy.Anesthesia progress · 2023Article
- Prevalence, Incidence, and Surgical Treatment Trends of Cerebral Palsy across Türkiye: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSpasticity is present in more than 80% of the population with cerebral palsy (CP). The aim of this study was to describe and compare the use of three spasticity reducing methods; Botulinum toxin-A therapy (BTX-A), Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) and Intrathecal baclofen therapy (ITB) among children and adolescents with CP in six northern European countries.
methodsThis registry-based study included population-based data in children and adolescents with CP born 2002 to 2017 and recorded in the follow-up programs for CP in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland and Scotland, and a defined cohort in Finland.
resultsA total of 8,817 individuals were included. The proportion of individuals treated with SDR and ITB was significantly different between the countries. SDR treatment ranged from 0% ( Finland and Iceland) to 3.4% (Scotland) and ITB treatment from 2.2% (Sweden) to 3.7% (Denmark and Scotland). BTX-A treatment in the lower extremities reported 2017-2018 ranged from 8.6% in Denmark to 20% in Norway (p < 0.01). Mean age for undergoing SDR ranged from 4.5 years in Norway to 7.3 years in Denmark (p < 0.01). Mean age at ITB surgery ranged from 6.3 years in Norway to 10.1 years in Finland (p < 0.01). Mean age for BTX-A treatment ranged from 7.1 years in Denmark to 10.3 years in Iceland (p < 0.01). Treatment with SDR was most common in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level III, ITB in level V, and BTX-A in level I. The most common muscle treated with BTX-A was the calf muscle, with the highest proportion in GMFCS level I. BTX-A treatment of hamstring and hip muscles was most common in GMFCS levels IV-V in all countries.
conclusionThere were statistically significant differences between countries regarding the proportion of children and adolescents with CP treated with the three spasticity reducing methods, mean age for treatment and treatment related to GMFCS level. This is likely due to differences in the availability of these treatment methods and/or differences in preferences of treatment methods among professionals and possibly patients across countries.
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Registered trials
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