ArticleBMC immunology2021
Downregulation of NKG2DLs by TGF-β in human lung cancer cells.
Article in BMC immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Research progress of the ULBP-NKG2D axis in autoimmune diseases].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- ANKRD49 promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of non-small cell lung cancer via the PKNOX1/TGF-β1/SMAD axis.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- TGF-β Signaling as a Pathological Continuum Linking Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Lung Cancer.Cells · 2026Review
- Unleashing NK cells for cancer immunotherapy in lung cancer: biologic challenges and clinical advances.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- ULBP2 CAR-T cells enhance gastric cancer immunotherapy by inhibiting CAF activation.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- TGF-β Signaling in Cancer: Mechanisms of Progression and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Role of NK Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Evasion Strategies, and Therapeutic Advances.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Frizzled-7-targeting antibody-derived bifunctional protein retargets NK cells against triple-negative breast cancer cells via MICA-NKG2D axis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Dual roles of innate immune cells and cytokines in shaping the breast cancer microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Integrated machine learning to predict the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients based on SARS-COV-2 and lung adenocarcinoma crosstalk genes.Cancer science · 2025Article
- The prospects of microphysiological systems in modeling platelet pathophysiology in cancer.Platelets · 2023Review
- PET imaging with [Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Modulation of natural killer cell exhaustion in the lungs: the key components from lung microenvironment and lung tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells to enhance natural killer cell-based immunotherapy.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- What Inhibits Natural Killers' Performance in Tumour.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Blockade of TGF-βR improves the efficacy of doxorubicin by modulating the tumor cell motility and affecting the immune cells in a melanoma model.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2021Article
- Natural Killer Cells in the Malignant Niche of Multiple Myeloma.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTransforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a typical immuno-inhibitory cytokine and highly secreted by lung cancer cells. It was supposed that its immunosuppressive effects to NK cell might be related with the altered expression of activating and inhibitory molecules in lung cancer cells. In this study, we examined the expression of NKG2DLs, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in lung cancer cells after treatment of TGF-β and a TGF-β inhibitor, Galunisertib (LY2157299).
resultsTGF-β reduced the level of surface proteins of five NKG2DLs without altered transcription levels in lung cancer cells. Galunisertib reversed the effect of TGF-β on the expression of NKG2DLs. Since MMP inhibitors, MMPi III and MMP2 inhibitor I, restored the reduced expression of NKG2DLs after treatment of TGF-β, it was thought that TGF-β induced the expression of MMP2 which facilitated the shedding of the NKG2DLs in cancer cells. However, the expression of PD-L1, L2 were not changed by treatment with TGF-β or Galunisertib.
conclusionsTherefore, inhibition of TGF-β might reverse the immunosuppressive status on immune cells and restore NK cell mediated anticancer immune responses by upregulation of NKG2DLs in cancer cells.
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