ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2021
Heterogeneity of Access to Diabetes Technology Depending on Area Deprivation and Demographics Between 2016 and 2019 in Germany.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Equity of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Children and Young People With Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.Pediatric diabetes · 2025Pooled it
- International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Diabetes Technologies - Insulin Delivery.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- [Diabetes and migration - Recommendations for the practice (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Article
- Disparities in access to and use of diabetes technologies and therapeutics: a narrative review.Diabetologia · 2025Review
- Prescription distribution and inequities in diabetes care: A comparative analysis of continuous glucose monitoring access by diabetes status, ethnicity and socio-economic factors in England.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025Observational
- Inequalities in Access to Diabetes Technologies in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: A Multicenter, Cross-sectional Study from TürkiyeJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Public Policy on Equitable Access to Technology for Children and Youth Living with Type 1 Diabetes in British Columbia, Canada.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pump Therapy Sensor Augmented Pump or Automated Insulin Delivery in Different Age Groups (0.5 to <26 Years) With Type 1 Diabetes From 2018 to 2021: Analysis of the German/Austrian/Swiss/Luxemburg Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Database Registry.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Article
- The impact of socioeconomic factors, social determinants, and ethnicity on the utilization of glucose sensor technology among persons with diabetes mellitus: a narrative review.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- Editorial: Equity in type 1 diabetes technology and beyond: where are we in 2022?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Diabetes care and outcomes of pediatric refugees and migrants from Ukraine and Syria/Afghanistan with type 1 diabetes in German-speaking countries.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Evaluating Factors Associated With Continuous Glucose Monitoring Utilization With the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange Registry.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023Article
- Incidence, prevalence and care of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in Germany: Time trends and regional socioeconomic situation.Journal of health monitoring · 2023Article
- [Diabetes and migration (update 2023)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2023Article
- Area deprivation and demographic factors associated with diabetes technology use in adults with type 1 diabetes in Germany.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite increasing use of technology in type 1 diabetes, persistent ethnic and socio-economic disparities have been reported. We analyzed how the use of insulin pump therapy and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) evolved over the years in Germany depending on demographics and area deprivation.
methodWe investigated the use of insulin pump and CGM between 2016 and 2019 in 37,798 patients with type 1 diabetes aged < 26 years from the German Prospective Follow-up Registry (DPV). Associations with federal state, area-deprivation quintile (German Index of Multiple Deprivation 2010 on district level), gender, and migration background were investigated over time using multiple logistic regression.
resultsBetween 2016 and 2019, the regional distribution of insulin pump use did not change substantially and the association with area deprivation remained non-linear and statistically non-significant. The effect of area deprivation on CGM use decreased continuously and disappeared in 2019 (OR [95%-CI] Q1 vs Q5: 1.85 [1.63-2.10] in 2016; 0.97 [0.88-1.08] in 2019). The effect of migration background on the use of either technology decreased over the years but remained significant in 2019. Girls had constantly higher odds of using an insulin pump than boys (OR: 1.25 [1.18-1.31] in 2019), whereas no gender difference was identified for CGM use.
conclusionsAlthough disparities decreased in Germany, access to diabetes technology still depends on migration background in 2019, and gender differences in pump use persist. As technological advances are made, further research is needed to understand the reasons for these persistent disparities.
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