ArticlemBio2021
Active Efflux Leads to Heterogeneous Dissipation of Proton Motive Force by Protonophores in Bacteria.
Article in mBio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Ambigols Uncouple Oxidative Phosphorylation In Vitro.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Albumin Nanoparticles Improve Colistin Performance Against Hetero- and Full-Resistant ClinicalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Characterization of the YCjN ABC Transporter in Escherichia coli: Role in Maltose and Ethidium Bromide Transport.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Ribosome State Distributions Define Escherichia coli Persister Physiology: Links to Formation, Stress Responses, and Resuscitation Dynamics.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Article
- When Disinfection Fails: Biocide Tolerance as a Driver ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Repurposed Drugs and Efflux Pump Inhibitors Against Gram-Negative Urinary Tract Pathogenic Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Heterogeneous efflux pump expression underpins phenotypic resistance to antimicrobial peptides.eLife · 2025Article
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- Lineage-dependent variations in single-cell antibiotic susceptibility reveal the selective inheritance of phenotypic resistance in bacteria.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Artesunate, EDTA, and colistin work synergistically against MCR-negative and -positive colistin-resistanteLife · 2025Article
- Physiological Effects of TolC-Dependent Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Escherichia coli: Impact on Motility and Growth Under Stress Conditions.MicrobiologyOpen · 2024Article
- Article
- Valnemulin restores colistin sensitivity against multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Bisphenol S Promotes the Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes via Transformation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Phage-induced efflux down-regulation boosts antibiotic efficacy.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Fingolimod synergizes and reversesFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Various toxic compounds disrupt bacterial physiology. While bacteria harbor defense mechanisms to mitigate the toxicity, these mechanisms are often coupled to the physiological state of the cells and become ineffective when the physiology is severely disrupted. Here, we characterized such feedback by exposing Escherichia coli to protonophores. Protonophores dissipate the proton motive force (PMF), a fundamental force that drives physiological functions. We found that E. coli cells responded to protonophores heterogeneously, resulting in bimodal distributions of cell growth, substrate transport, and motility. Furthermore, we showed that this heterogeneous response required active efflux systems. The analysis of underlying interactions indicated the heterogeneous response results from efflux-mediated positive feedback between PMF and protonophores' action. Our studies have broad implications for bacterial adaptation to stress, including antibiotics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.