ReviewThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2021
Impact of inhaled pollutants on response to viral infection in controlled exposures.
Review in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Particulate matter air pollution and COVID-19 infection, severity, and mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Science of the total environment · 2023Pooled it
- The triple-hit hypothesis: exploring pulmonary e-cigarette, PMEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- COPD prescription patterns after the 2018 Japan floods: analysis of national data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Rental housing may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in upper respiratory infections.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Community-level influenza activity modifies the association between ambient air pollution and acute respiratory emergency visits in six U.S. Cities.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Ambient Air Pollution and COVID-19 in California.Research report (Health Effects Institute) · 2026Article
- Global burden of disease 2021: particulate matter pollution-attributable burden of upper respiratory infections, otitis media, and lower respiratory infections.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Neighborhood disadvantage and the back-to-school epidemic of viral-associated asthma exacerbations.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- The GenusLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparison of the rate of healthcare encounters for influenza from source-specific PMJournal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Interactive effects of air pollutants and viral exposure on daily influenza hospital visits in Mongolia.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Ambient air pollution exposure and effects on neutralizing antibody titers following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adults.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Indoor air pollution and airway health.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Review
- Outdoor Air Pollution and Pediatric Respiratory Disease.Clinics in chest medicine · 2024Review
- Revisiting Decades of Research on Air Pollution and Acute Lower Respiratory Infections.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2024Article
- The importance of translational science within the respiratory field.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2024Article
- Transcriptomics profile of human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to ambient fine particles and influenza virus (H3N2).Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Effects of Wildfire Smoke on Asthma and Allergy.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2023Review
- Peculiar weather patterns effects on air pollution and COVID-19 spread in Tokyo metropolis.Environmental research · 2023Observational
- The Relationship between the Transmission of Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains and Air Quality: A Case Study in China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Air pollutants are a major source of increased risk of disease, hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. The respiratory tract is a primary target of potential concurrent exposure to both inhaled pollutants and pathogens, including viruses. Although there are various associative studies linking adverse outcomes to co- or subsequent exposures to inhaled pollutants and viruses, knowledge about causal linkages and mechanisms by which pollutant exposure may alter human respiratory responses to viral infection is more limited. In this article, we review what is known about the impact of pollutant exposure on antiviral host defense responses and describe potential mechanisms by which pollutants can alter the viral infection cycle. This review focuses on evidence from human observational and controlled exposure, ex vivo, and in vitro studies. Overall, there are a myriad of points throughout the viral infection cycle that inhaled pollutants can alter to modulate appropriate host defense responses. These alterations may contribute to observed increases in rates of viral infection and associated morbidity and mortality in areas of the world with high ambient pollution levels or in people using tobacco products. Although the understanding of mechanisms of interaction is advancing through controlled in vivo and in vitro exposure models, more studies are needed because emerging infectious pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, present a significant threat to public health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.