SynthesisPloS one2021
The effectiveness of eye tracking in the diagnosis of cognitive disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Portable eye-tracking in neurology: current uses and future perspectives in cognition.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Pooled it
- Transdiagnostic eye-tracking biomarkers of inattention across psychiatric disorders: a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Alzheimer's early detection in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a systematic review and expert consensus on preclinical assessments.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- REAsmash-ET: a methodological framework for combined cognitive and motor assessment through eye-tracking and kinematic metrics in immersive VR search-and-reach task.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Special Issue: Eye-Tracking Monitoring of Neurological and Psychiatric Conditions Across Life Span.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Eye tracking and machine learning to assess cognitive impairment in post-COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Eye movement evidence for locus coeruleus-noradrenaline system contributions to age differences in attention.Psychology and aging · 2025Article
- From Mechanical Instability to Virtual Precision: Digital Twin Validation for Next-Generation MEMS-Based Eye-Tracking Systems.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Feeling Trapped and Optimistic: Current Rather than Prospective Medical Conditions Dominate Self-Reported Emotions and Appraisals in Mechanically Ventilated Spinal Cord Injury Patients.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2025Article
- Eye Tracking in Aging: Challenges, Best Practices, and Novel Frontiers.ACM transactions on applied perception · 2025Article
- Enhancing Mild Cognitive Impairment Auxiliary Identification Through Multimodal Cognitive Assessment with Eye Tracking and Convolutional Neural Network Analysis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Development of Neurodegenerative Disease Diagnosis and Monitoring from Traditional to Digital Biomarkers.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Multimodal Digital Phenotyping of Behavior in a Neurology Clinic: Development of the Neurobooth Platform and the First Two Years of Data Collection.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) Test in Adults: Age-Related Changes and Italian Normative Data.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Prospective observational study to evaluate the feasibility of the mobile app for mild cognitive impairment detection and screening.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Cognition and saccadic eye movement performance are impaired in chronic rhinosinusitis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2024Article
- Aging impairs reactive attentional control but not proactive distractor inhibition.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2024Article
- Eye movements reveal age differences in how arousal modulates saliency priority but not attention processing speed.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEye tracking (ET) is a viable marker for the recognition of cognitive disorders. We assessed the accuracy and clinical value of ET for the diagnosis of cognitive disorders in patients.
methodsWe searched the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Pubmed databases from inception to March 2, 2021, as well as the reference lists of identified primary studies. We included articles written in English that investigated ET for cognitive disorder patients-Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and dementia. Two independent researchers extracted the data and the characteristics of each study; We calculated pooled sensitivities and specificities. A hierarchical summary of receiver performance characteristics (HSROC) model was used to test the diagnostic accuracy of ET for cognitive impairment (CI).
findings11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative comprehensive analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on 9 trials using Neuropsychological Cognitive Testing (NCT) as the reference standard. The comprehensive sensitivity and specificity of ET for detecting cognitive disorders were 0.75 (95% CI 0.72-0.79) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.76), respectively. The combined positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 2.74 (95%CI 2.32-3.24) and the negative likelihood ratio (LR-) was 0.27 (95%CI 0.18-0.42).
conclusionsThis review showed that ET technology could be used to detect the decline in CI, clinical use of ET techniques in combination with other tools to assess CI can be encouraged.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.