ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2021
The Axonal Glycolytic Pathway Contributes to Sensory Axon Extension and Growth Cone Dynamics.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The neuron-astrocyte metabolic unit as a cornerstone of brain energy metabolism in health and disease.Nature metabolism · 2025Review
- Development of Cellular Energy Metabolism During Differentiation of Human iPSCs into Cortical Neurons.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Successful axonal regeneration is associated with intraneuronal metabolic reprogramming.iScience · 2025Article
- Local glycolysis supports injury-induced axonal regeneration.The Journal of cell biology · 2024Article
- Actin(g) toward a revised understanding of the role of cytoskeletal dynamics in neuronal bioenergetics.Neural regeneration research · 2024Article
- The Axonal Actin Filament Cytoskeleton: Structure, Function, and Relevance to Injury and Degeneration.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Weak neuronal glycolysis sustains cognition and organismal fitness.Nature metabolism · 2024Article
- CLUH maintains functional mitochondria and translation in motoneuronal axons and prevents peripheral neuropathy.Science advances · 2024Article
- Identification of the growth cone as a probe and driver of neuronal migration in the injured brain.Nature communications · 2024Article
- NMNAT2 supports vesicular glycolysis via NAD homeostasis to fuel fast axonal transport.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Article
- Variable bioenergetic sensitivity of neurons and astrocytes to insulin and extracellular glucose.npj metabolic health and disease · 2024Article
- Neuronal glycolysis: focus on developmental morphogenesis and localized subcellular functions.Communicative & integrative biology · 2024Review
- Local glycolysis fuels actomyosin contraction during axonal retraction.The Journal of cell biology · 2023Article
- Chronic stress hinders sensory axon regeneration via impairing mitochondrial cristae and OXPHOS.Science advances · 2023Article
- Actin cytoskeletal dynamics do not impose an energy drain on growth cone bioenergetics.Journal of cell science · 2023Article
- Oligodendrocyte-derived transcellular signaling regulates axonal energy metabolism.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2023Review
- Axonal pathfinding during the development of the nervous system.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2023Review
- Glycolytic System in Axons Supplement Decreased ATP Levels after Axotomy of the Peripheral Nerve.eNeuro · 2023Article
- Optic nerve injury-induced regeneration in the adult zebrafish is accompanied by spatiotemporal changes in mitochondrial dynamics.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Energy metabolic pathways in neuronal development and function.Oxford open neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Understanding the bioenergetics of axon extension and maintenance has wide ranging implications for neurodevelopment and disease states. Glycolysis is a pathway consisting of 10 enzymes and separated into preparatory and payoff phases, the latter producing ATP. Using embryonic chicken sensory neurons, we report that glycolytic enzymes are found through the axon and the growth cone. Pharmacological inhibition of glycolysis in the presence of NGF impairs axon extension and growth cone dynamics within minutes without affecting axon maintenance. Experiments using microfluidic chambers show that the effect of inhibiting glycolysis on axon extension is local along distal axons and can be reversed by promoting mitochondrial respiration. Knockdown of GAPDH simplifies growth cone morphology and is rescued by shRNA-resistant GAPDH expression. Rescue of GAPDH using KillerRed fused to GAPDH followed by localized chromophore-assisted light inactivation of KillerRed-GAPDH in distal axons halts growth cone dynamics. Considering filament polymerization requires ATP, inhibition of glycolysis results in a paradoxical increase in axonal actin filament levels. The effect on actin filaments is because of enzymes before GAPDH, the first enzyme in the payoff phase. In the absence of NGF, inhibition of glycolysis along distal axons results in axon degeneration independent of cell death. These data indicate that the glycolytic pathway is operative in distal axons and contributes to the rate of axon extension and growth cone dynamics in the presence of NGF and that, in the absence of NGF, the axonal glycolytic pathway is required for axon maintenance.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.