Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34251938›Full record

ArticleHealth literacy research and practice2021

The Relationship Between Health Literacy Level and Media Used as a Source of Health-Related Information.

Seçil Özkan, Hakan Tüzün, Asiye Uğraş Dikmen, Nur Baran Aksakal, Deniz Çalışkan, Özge Taşçı, Selime Ceylan Güneş

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health literacy research and practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
4.6field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. Patterns of Online Stress Management Information-Seeking Behavior in Hungary.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
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  6. Factors Influencing Maternal Health Literacy in Postpartum Women.International journal of women's health · 2025
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  7. Health Information Source Patterns and Dietary Variety among Older Adults Living in Rural Japan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Health Literacy in Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2023
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Seçil Özkan
Hakan Tüzün
Asiye Uğraş Dikmen
Nur Baran Aksakal
Deniz Çalışkan
Özge Taşçı
Selime Ceylan Güneş

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious studies have not shown the level of health literacy or associated factors on a national level in Turkey using a scale that has been adapted to the country and its culture.

objectiveThis study aimed to determine health literacy levels in Turkey and to investigate the association of health literacy with socioeconomic factors as well as with the instruments used as sources of health-related information.

methodsThis cross-sectional, nationally representative study was conducted using a computer-assisted personal interview approach and included 6,228 households (response rate, 70.9%). The Turkey Health Literacy Scale was used to measure health literacy. Sources of health-related information, such as newspapers, television, internet, and smartphones, were included in the regression model for health literacy. KEY

resultsThe proportion of participants with inadequate and problematic health literacy was 30.9% and 38%, respectively, showing that approximately 7 of 10 participants had limited health literacy. The frequencies of inadequate and problematic health literacy were higher in the disease prevention and promotion domains (37.4% and 34.2%, respectively) compared with those in the health care domain (27.1% and 31.3%, respectively). The most frequently used medium as a source of health-related information was the internet (48.6%), followed by television (33%). In controlled models, higher health literacy scores were associated with higher education and income levels. The effects of television (β = 1,917), internet (β = 2,803), newspapers (β = 1,489), and smartphones (β = 1,974) as sources of health-related information were statistically significant in the general health literacy index model.

conclusionsHealth literacy in Turkey reflects social inequalities. The model accounting for socioeconomic variables demonstrated the relevance of sources of health information to level of health literacy. These findings emphasize the importance of improving sources of health information to improve health literacy.

Indexed as

Health LiteracyCross-Sectional StudiesHumansSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID34251938
PMCPMC8241229
OpenAlexW3162164145

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.