Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34250591›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of botany2021

Hundreds of nuclear and plastid loci yield novel insights into orchid relationships.

Oscar Alejandro Pérez-Escobar, Steven Dodsworth, Diego Bogarín, Sidonie Bellot, Juan A Balbuena, Rowan J Schley, Izai A Kikuchi, Sarah K Morris, Niroshini Epitawalage, Robyn Cowan and 12 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of botany, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 36 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Orchid genome evolution and trait innovation.Journal of integrative plant biology · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Metaviromic insights into the viral community associated with Dendrobium catenatum.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026
    Article
  4. The multichromosomal structure evolution ofFrontiers in plant science · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Unveiling a Meaningful Form ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Phylogenomics and classification of Cactaceae based on hundreds of nuclear genes.Plant systematics and evolution = Entwicklungsgeschichte und Systematik der Pflanzen · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Oscar Alejandro Pérez-EscobarRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9166-2410
Steven DodsworthSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2UP, UK.
Diego BogarínLankester Botanic Garden, University of Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica.
Sidonie BellotRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
Juan A BalbuenaUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Rowan J SchleyRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
Izai A KikuchiNaturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Sarah K MorrisRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
Niroshini EpitawalageRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
Robyn CowanRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
Olivier MaurinRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
Alexandre ZuntiniRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
Tatiana AriasColombian Orchid Society, Medellin, Colombia.
Alejandra Serna-SánchezColombian Orchid Society, Medellin, Colombia.
Barbara GravendeelNaturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Maria Fernanda Torres JimenezUniversity of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Katharina NargarAustralian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Australia.
Guillaume ChomickiDepartment of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
Mark W ChaseRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
Ilia J LeitchRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
Félix ForestRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
William J BakerRoyal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-6727-1831

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

premiseThe inference of evolutionary relationships in the species-rich family Orchidaceae has hitherto relied heavily on plastid DNA sequences and limited taxon sampling. Previous studies have provided a robust plastid phylogenetic framework, which was used to classify orchids and investigate the drivers of orchid diversification. However, the extent to which phylogenetic inference based on the plastid genome is congruent with the nuclear genome has been only poorly assessed.

methodsWe inferred higher-level phylogenetic relationships of orchids based on likelihood and ASTRAL analyses of 294 low-copy nuclear genes sequenced using the Angiosperms353 universal probe set for 75 species (representing 69 genera, 16 tribes, 24 subtribes) and a concatenated analysis of 78 plastid genes for 264 species (117 genera, 18 tribes, 28 subtribes). We compared phylogenetic informativeness and support for the nuclear and plastid phylogenetic hypotheses.

resultsPhylogenetic inference using nuclear data sets provides well-supported orchid relationships that are highly congruent between analyses. Comparisons of nuclear gene trees and a plastid supermatrix tree showed that the trees are mostly congruent, but revealed instances of strongly supported phylogenetic incongruence in both shallow and deep time. The phylogenetic informativeness of individual Angiosperms353 genes is in general better than that of most plastid genes.

conclusionsOur study provides the first robust nuclear phylogenomic framework for Orchidaceae and an assessment of intragenomic nuclear discordance, plastid-nuclear tree incongruence, and phylogenetic informativeness across the family. Our results also demonstrate what has long been known but rarely thoroughly documented: nuclear and plastid phylogenetic trees can contain strongly supported discordances, and this incongruence must be reconciled prior to interpretation in evolutionary studies, such as taxonomy, biogeography, and character evolution.

Indexed as

Genome, PlastidOrchidaceaeCell NucleusPhylogenyPlastidsAngiosperms353incongruencemultilocus phylogenetic treesnuclear-plastid discordanceOrchidaceaerecombination

Identifiers

PMID34250591

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.