ArticleVessel plus2021
Mechanisms of Lower Extremity Vein Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease and Implications in Management of Varicose Veins.
Article in Vessel plus, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease-Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Shear Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Coumarins in hypertension management: from vascular signaling pathways to clinical perspectives.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Review
- The arterial-venous continuum: bridging atherosclerosis and chronic venous disease through endothelial dysfunction.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- From scientific inquiry to identifying critical research topics in varicose veins pathophysiology.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2026Article
- Integrating emerging technologies for varicose veins: A systematic review of comparative efficacy.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Varicose veins and venous thromboembolism in inflammatory rheumatic diseases: vascular complications and rehabilitation approaches.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- Decoding iNOS Inhibition: A Computational Voyage of Tavaborole Toward Restoring Endothelial Homeostasis in Venous Leg Ulcers.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Potassium channel-targeted therapy in reducing vascular complications in diabetes mellitus: novel insights.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- A synergistic multimodality treatment approach to address the key drivers of wound chronicity.Journal of vascular surgery. Venous and lymphatic disorders · 2026Review
- Monoamine oxidases are mediators of oxidative stress in human varicose Veins: interactions with obesity, inflammation, and angiotensin II.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Combined Effects of Diosmin, Hesperidin,International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Disease: An Overview.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- From Ethnopharmacology to Active Compound: Effects of Traditional Plant Extracts on Varicose Vein-Related Enzymes and Isolation of Active Flavonoids fromPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Causal role of immune cells in varicose veins: insights from a Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Mechanism of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase promoting lower extremity varicose veins development via cytoskeletal dynamics.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- The Roles of Oxidative Stress and Red Blood Cells in the Pathology of the Varicose Vein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a common venous disorder of the lower extremities. CVD can be manifested as varicose veins (VVs), with dilated and tortuous veins, dysfunctional valves and venous reflux. If not adequately treated, VVs could progress to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and lead to venous leg ulcer (VLU). Predisposing familial and genetic factors have been implicated in CVD. Additional environmental, behavioral and dietary factors including sedentary lifestyle and obesity may also contribute to CVD. Alterations in the mRNA expression, protein levels and proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been detected in VVs and VLU. MMP expression/activity can be modulated by venous hydrostatic pressure, hypoxia, tissue metabolites, and inflammation. MMPs in turn increase proteolysis of different protein substrates in the extracellular matrix particularly collagen and elastin, leading to weakening of the vein wall. MMPs could also promote venous dilation by increasing the release of endothelium-derived vasodilators and activating potassium channels, leading to smooth muscle hyperpolarization and relaxation. Depending on VVs severity, management usually includes compression stockings, sclerotherapy and surgical removal. Venotonics have also been promoted to decrease the progression of VVs. Sulodexide has also shown benefits in VLU and CVI, and recent data suggest that it could improve venous smooth muscle contraction. Other lines of treatment including induction of endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and administration of exogenous synthetic inhibitors of MMPs are being explored, and could provide alternative strategies in the treatment of CVD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.