Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34249843›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health

Declaring Racism a Public Health Crisis in the United States: Cure, Poison, or Both?

Lilliann Paine, Patanjali de la Rocha, Antonia P Eyssallenne, Courtni Alexis Andrews, Leanne Loo, Camara Phyllis Jones, Anne Marie Collins, Michelle Morse

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Anti-Racist Practices in Health Care Organizations-A Qualitative Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  4. Racism Counterfactuals in Health Research.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Anti-Racism Efforts in Healthcare: A Selective Review From a Social Cognitive Perspective.Policy insights from the behavioral and brain sciences · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Implicit-Bias Remedies: Treating Discriminatory Bias as a Public-Health Problem.Psychological science in the public interest : a journal of the American Psychological Society · 2022
    Review
  18. Article
  19. It's Not Irony, it's Interest Convergence: A CRT Perspective on Racism as Public Health Crisis Statements.The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Lilliann PaineNational Birth Equity Collaborative, Washington, DC, United States.
Patanjali de la RochaEqualHealth's Global Campaign Against Racism, Brookline, MA, United States.
Antonia P EyssallenneEqualHealth's Global Campaign Against Racism, Brookline, MA, United States.
Courtni Alexis AndrewsEqualHealth's Global Campaign Against Racism, Brookline, MA, United States.
Leanne LooEqualHealth's Global Campaign Against Racism, Brookline, MA, United States.
Camara Phyllis JonesEqualHealth's Global Campaign Against Racism, Brookline, MA, United States.
Anne Marie CollinsEqualHealth's Global Campaign Against Racism, Brookline, MA, United States.
Michelle MorseEqualHealth's Global Campaign Against Racism, Brookline, MA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Declaring racism a public health crisis has the potential to shepherd meaningful anti-racism policy forward and bridge long standing divisions between policy-makers, community organizers, healers, and public health practitioners. At their best, the declarations are a first step to address long standing inaction in the face of need. At their worst, the declarations poison or sedate grassroots momentum toward anti-racism structural change by delivering politicians unearned publicity and slowing progress on health equity. Declaring racism as a public health crisis is a tool that must be used with clarity and caution in order to maximize impact. Key to holding public institutions accountable for creating declarations is the direct involvement of Black and Indigenous People of Color (BIPOC) led groups and organizers. Sharing power, centering their voices and working in tandem, these collaborations ensure that declarations push for change from the lens of those most impacted and authentically engage with the demands of communities and their legacies. Superficial diversity and inclusion efforts that bring BIPOC people and organizers into the conversation and then fail to implement their ideas repeat historical patterns of harm, stall momentum for structural change at best, and poison the strategy at worst. In this paper we will examine three declarations in the United States and analyze them utilizing evaluative criteria aligned with health equity and anti-racism practices. Finally, we offer recommendations to inform anti-racist public health work for meaningful systematic change toward decentralization and empowerment of communities in their health futures.

Indexed as

Health EquityPoisonsRacismBlack or African AmericanHumansPublic HealthUnited StatesPoisonsaccountabilityblack lives matterdecolonial practicehealth equitypharmakonpublic health crisissocial justice policystructural racism

Identifiers

PMID34249843
PMCPMC8265203

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.