ArticleFrontiers in oncology2021
TGF-β1 Induces Immune Escape by Enhancing PD-1 and CTLA-4 Expression on T Lymphocytes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Co-stimulatory signal deficiency impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in tumor immune evasion: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Platelets as localized conduits of TGF-β1 in the tumor microenvironment: implications for cancer progression and therapy.Human cell · 2026Review
- Targeting the cancer metabolism-immunity interface: update and perspectives.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Insight of immune checkpoint blockades in melanoma: mechanism and clinical translation.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- HBV reprograms the tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- T Cell Exhaustion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Substantial Barrier in Immunotherapy.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy in central nervous system tumors.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- The immune microenvironment of pathogen-associated cancers and current clinical therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Review
- BUB1 serves as a biomarker for poor prognosis in liver hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Tumor dormancy and relapse: understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer recurrence.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- miR-142 deficit in T cells during blast crisis promotes chronic myeloid leukemia immune escape.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The role of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Multi-armored allogeneic MUC1 CAR T cells enhance efficacy and safety in triple-negative breast cancer.Science advances · 2024Article
- Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in the progression, metastasis, and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: from bench to bedside.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and uterine fibroids: Association with PD-L1 activation and collagen deposition.Ageing research reviews · 2024Review
- Regulatory mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancers.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Review
- TGF-β1 induces PD-1 expression in macrophages through SMAD3/STAT3 cooperative signaling in chronic inflammation.JCI insight · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 90% of PLC cases. The HCC microenvironment plays an important role in the occurrence and development of HCC. Immunotherapy for the HCC microenvironment has become an effective treatment strategy. T lymphocytes are an important part of the HCC microenvironment, and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are the main immunosuppressive molecules of T lymphocytes. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) can inhibit the immune function of T lymphocytes and promote the occurrence and development of tumors. However, few studies have explored whether TGF-β1 can upregulate the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on T cells. In this study, we showed that TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on T lymphocytes and attenuated the cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes for HCC cells
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