ArticleFrontiers in oncology2021
Irradiation-Modulated Murine Brain Microenvironment Enhances GL261-Tumor Growth and Inhibits Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Astrocyte-driven immunosuppression in the brain tumor microenvironment.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Metabolic Shift Mirrors GBM Immunity to Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy: A Deuterium MRS Study.Molecular imaging and biology · 2025Article
- Fluorescence-Guided Resection of GL261 Red-FLuc and TRP-mCherry-FLuc Mouse Glioblastoma Tumors.Cancers · 2025Article
- Optimization, Characterization, and Comparison of Two Luciferase-Expressing Mouse Glioblastoma Models.Cancers · 2024Article
- Radiotherapy-Induced Astrocyte Senescence Promotes an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma to Facilitate Tumor Regrowth.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Deuterium Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Quantifies Tumor Fraction in a Mouse Model of a Mixed Radiation Necrosis / GL261-Glioblastoma Lesion.Molecular imaging and biology · 2024Article
- Understanding and therapeutically exploiting cGAS/STING signaling in glioblastoma.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- An untapped window of opportunity for glioma: targeting therapy-induced senescence prior to recurrence.NPJ precision oncology · 2023Review
- Distinguishing Tumor Admixed in a Radiation Necrosis (RN) Background:Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeClinical evidence suggests radiation induces changes in the brain microenvironment that affect subsequent response to treatment. This study investigates the effect of previous radiation, delivered six weeks prior to orthotopic tumor implantation, on subsequent tumor growth and therapeutic response to anti-PD-L1 therapy in an intracranial mouse model, termed the Radiation Induced Immunosuppressive Microenvironment (RI METHOD AND MATERIALS: C57Bl/6 mice received focal (hemispheric) single-fraction, 30-Gy radiation using the Leksell GammaKnife
resultsTumors in previously irradiated brain display aggressive, invasive growth, characterized by viable tumor and large regions of hemorrhage and necrosis. Mice challenged intracranially with GL261 six weeks after prior intracranial irradiation are unresponsive to anti-PD-L1 therapy. K-M curves demonstrate a statistically significant difference in survival for tumor-bearing mice treated with anti-PD-L1 antibody between RI
conclusionsThe RI
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.