ArticlePeerJ2021
Combination of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and tetrahydropalmatine inhibits invasion and metastasis through MMP/TIMP signaling in endometriosis.
Article in PeerJ, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the role of Chinese herbal medicine in the long-term management of postoperative ovarian endometriotic cysts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Ferulic Acid Modulates High Glucose-Induced MMP-1/TIMP-1 Imbalance and Enhances Wound Closure of Human Gingival Fibroblasts.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Anti-cancer Drugs in Endometriosis Management: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Potential Therapeutic Efficacy of Ferulic Acid and Its Derivatives in the Management of Cancers: A Comprehensive Analysis With Mechanistic Insight.International journal of food science · 2025Review
- Homeopathy for Heteropathy: FSS and Its Components for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Endometriosis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Ferulic Acid: A Review of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Effects on Pulmonary Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- A Comprehensive Review on the Chemical Properties, Plant Sources, Pharmacological Activities, Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Characteristics of Tetrahydropalmatine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe design of the combination of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and tetrahydropalmatine (FLT) is inspired by the Chinese herbal prescription Foshou San. Previous work has shown that FLT inhibited endometriosis growth in rat autograft models. However, the mechanism behind this is unclear. MMP/TIMP signaling is considered as the vital pathway of metastasis and invasion in endometriosis. In this study, we aim to disclose effects of FLT on MMP/TIMP signaling in invasion and metastasis during endometrial cells and xenograft endometriosis.
methodsIn vivo, effect of FLT on endometriosis was evaluated in a xenogeneic mice model. In vitro, cell viability assay was performed with an IC50 measurement of FLT in hEM15A and HEC1-B cells. The effect of FLT on invasion and metastasis was analyzed in scratch wound and transwell assay. Gene and protein expression of MMP/TIMP signaling were detected by qPCR and Western blotting.
resultsIn xenograft endometriosis, FLT reduced ectopic volume without effect on weight. FLT inhibitory effects on cell growth exhibited a dose-dependent manner in hEM15A and HEC1-B cells. IC50s of FLT in hEM15A cells were 839.30 ± 121.11 or 483.53 ±156.91 μg·ml
conclusionsMMP/TIMP inactivation is a reasonable explanation for the inhibition of FLT on invasion and metastasis in endometriosis. This result reveals a potential mechanism on the role of FLT in endometriosis and may benefit for its further application.
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