Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34249090›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in genetics2021

Chloroquine and Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa-A Review.

Alexandra T Roux, Leah Maharaj, Olukunle Oyegoke, Oluwasegun P Akoniyon, Matthew Adekunle Adeleke, Rajendra Maharaj, Moses Okpeku

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in genetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
10.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Genomic Surveillance ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Prevalence of molecular markers associated withThe Pan African medical journal · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Alexandra T RouxDiscipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa.
Leah MaharajDiscipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa.
Olukunle OyegokeDiscipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa.
Oluwasegun P AkoniyonDiscipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa.
Matthew Adekunle AdelekeDiscipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa.
Rajendra MaharajOffice of Malaria Research, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
Moses OkpekuDiscipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa.
University of KwaZulu-Natal · ZASouth African Medical Research Council · ZA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malaria is a great concern for global health and accounts for a large amount of morbidity and mortality, particularly in Africa, with sub-Saharan Africa carrying the greatest burden of the disease. Malaria control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets, indoor residual spraying, and antimalarial drugs have been relatively successful in reducing the burden of malaria; however, sub-Saharan African countries encounter great challenges, the greatest being antimalarial drug resistance. Chloroquine (CQ) was the first-line drug in the 20th century until it was replaced by sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as a consequence of resistance. The extensive use of these antimalarials intensified the spread of resistance throughout sub-Saharan Africa, thus resulting in a loss of efficacy for the treatment of malaria. SP was replaced by artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) after the emergence of resistance toward SP; however, the use of ACTs is now threatened by the emergence of resistant parasites. The decreased selective pressure on CQ and SP allowed for the reintroduction of sensitivity toward those antimalarials in regions of sub-Saharan Africa where they were not the primary drug for treatment. Therefore, the emergence and spread of antimalarial drug resistance should be tracked to prevent further spread of the resistant parasites, and the re-emergence of sensitivity should be monitored to detect the possible reappearance of sensitivity in sub-Saharan Africa.

Indexed as

antimalarial drug resistancechloroquinemalariamalaria controlsulfadoxine–pyrimethamine

Identifiers

PMID34249090
PMCPMC8267899
OpenAlexW3173257769

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.