Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34248965›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021

A Deep Insight Into CAR-T Cell Therapy in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Application, Opportunities, and Future Directions.

Faroogh Marofi, Heshu Sulaiman Rahman, Muhammad Harun Achmad, Klunko Nataliya Sergeevna, Wanich Suksatan, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Maria Vladimirovna Mikhailova, Navid Shomali, Mahboubeh Yazdanifar, Ali Hassanzadeh and 5 more

RetractedOpen access · goldAbstract readReviewRetracted Publication
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. A Review of Recent Advances in Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Review
  3. "Attack!" Cellular Therapies to Attack Pathogens and Tumors.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 10 institutions in 9 countries.

Faroogh MarofiDepartment of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Heshu Sulaiman RahmanCollege of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.
Muhammad Harun AchmadDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
Klunko Nataliya SergeevnaDepartment of Economics and Industrial Engineering, St. Petersburg University of Management and Economics, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Wanich SuksatanFaculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand.
Walid Kamal AbdelbassetDepartment of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Maria Vladimirovna MikhailovaDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
Navid ShomaliImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Mahboubeh YazdanifarStem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
Ali HassanzadehDepartment of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Majid AhmadiStem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Roza MotavalliStem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Yashwant PathakTaneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.
Sepideh IzadiImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Mostafa JarahianGerman Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit (G401), Heidelberg, Germany.
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences · IRChulabhorn Hospital · THGerman Cancer Research Center · DEHasanuddin University · IDKomar University of Science and Technology · IQPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University · SASechenov University · RUStanford University · USSt Petersburg University · RUUniversity of South Florida · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a cancer that starts in the lymphatic system. In NHL, the important part of the immune system, a type of white blood cells called lymphocytes become cancerous. NHL subtypes include marginal zone lymphoma, small lymphocytic lymphoma, follicular lymphoma (FL), and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. The disease can emerge in either aggressive or indolent form. 5-year survival duration after diagnosis is poor among patients with aggressive/relapsing form of NHL. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis involved in NHL establishment and progression. In the next step, we can develop innovative therapies for NHL based on our knowledge in signaling pathways, surface antigens, and tumor milieu of NHL. In the recent few decades, several treatment solutions of NHL mainly based on targeted/directed therapies have been evaluated. These approaches include B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), epigenetic modulators, Bcl-2 inhibitors, checkpoint inhibitors, and T-cell therapy. In recent years, methods based on T cell immunotherapy have been considered as a novel promising anti-cancer strategy in the treatment of various types of cancers, and particularly in blood cancers. These methods could significantly increase the capacity of the immune system to induce durable anti-cancer responses in patients with chemotherapy-resistant lymphoma. One of the promising therapy methods involved in the triumph of immunotherapy is the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with dramatically improved killing activity against tumor cells. The CAR-T cell-based anti-cancer therapy targeting a pan-B-cell marker, CD19 is recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant B-cell NHL. In this review, we will discuss the structure, molecular mechanisms, results of clinical trials, and the toxicity of CAR-T cell-based therapies. Also, we will criticize the clinical aspects, the treatment considerations, and the challenges and possible drawbacks of the application of CAR-T cells in the treatment of NHL.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntigens, NeoplasmCombined Modality TherapyDisease ManagementDisease SusceptibilityGenetic EngineeringHumansImmunotherapy, AdoptiveLymphoma, Non-HodgkinReceptors, Chimeric AntigenT-LymphocytesTreatment OutcomeAntigens, NeoplasmReceptors, Chimeric AntigenCAR T cellsCD-19chimeric antigen receptornon-Hodgkin’s lymphomatarget therapy

Identifiers

PMID34248965
PMCPMC8261235
OpenAlexW3175486472

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.