ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Vitamin D and Exercise Are Major Determinants of Natural Killer Cell Activity, Which Is Age- and Gender-Specific.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Rapid Weight Loss on the Immune System in Combat Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Physical activity affects DNA methylation-derived inflammation markers in a community-based Parkinson's disease study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Vitamin D stimulates Il-15 synthesis in rodent muscle.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Zinc on Viral Infection.Biological trace element research · 2025Review
- Unraveling the link between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer: a state-of-the-art review.GeroScience · 2024Review
- Gender Differences in the Interplay between Vitamin D and Microbiota in Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Decreased natural killer cell activity as a potential predictor of hypertensive incidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Relationship between Serum Cortisol, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) Levels, and Natural Killer Cell Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory actions of vitamin D in various immune-related disorders: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Exercise sustains the hallmarks of health.Journal of sport and health science · 2023Review
- Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Review
- The association between micronutrients and the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in convalescent patients.Infection · 2022Article
- Age-related differences in symptoms in older emergency department patients with COVID-19: Prevalence and outcomes in a multicenter cohort.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Article
- The Multiple Effects of Vitamin D against Chronic Diseases: From Reduction of Lipid Peroxidation to Updated Evidence from Clinical Studies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A Case-Control Study on the Changes in Natural Killer Cell Activity following Administration of Polyvalent Mechanical Bacterial Lysate in Korean Adults with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Cross-Sectional and Time-Dependent Analyses on Inflammatory Markers following Natural Killer Cell Activity.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pandemic reminds us of the importance of immune function, even in immunologically normal individuals. Multiple lifestyle factors are known to influence the immune function. Objective: The aim was to investigate the association between NK cell activity (NKA) and multiple factors including vitamin D, physical exercise, age, and gender. Methods: This was a cross-sectional association study using health check-up and NKA data of 2,095 subjects collected from 2016 to 2018 in a health check-up center in the Republic of Korea. NKA was measured using the interferon-γ (IFN-γ) stimulation method. The association of NKA with 25-(OH)-vitamin D (25(OH)D) and other factors was investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The average age of subjects was 48.8 ± 11.6 years (52.9% of subjects were female). Among 2,095 subjects, 1,427 had normal NKA (NKA ≥ 500 pg IFN-γ/mL), while 506 had low NKA (100 ≤ NKA < 500 pg/mL), and 162 subjects had very low NKA (NKA < 100 pg/mL). Compared to men with low 25(OH)D serum level (< 20 ng/mL), vitamin D replete men (30-39.9 ng/mL) had significantly lower risk of very low NKA (OR: 0.358; 95% CI: 0.138, 0.929; Conclusion: Physical exercise and vitamin D were associated with NKA in a gender- and age-dependent manner. Age was a major risk factor of very low NKA in men but not in women.
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Registered trials
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