Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34248907›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2021

Understanding the Fundamental Basis for Biofilm Formation on Plastic Surfaces: Role of Conditioning Films.

Geetika Bhagwat, Wayne O'Connor, Ian Grainge, Thava Palanisami

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
5.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  5. Pyrolysis temperature shapes the structure and filtration capacity of spent-coffee-ground biochar for 1-μm microplastics and bacteria removal from wastewater.Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research · 2026
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  8. Review
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  11. A multi-strain, biofilm-forming cocktail ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
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  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Geetika BhagwatSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Wayne O'ConnorNSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, Australia.
Ian GraingeSchool of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
Thava PalanisamiGlobal Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
University of Newcastle Australia · AUNew South Wales Department of Primary Industries · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Conditioning films (CFs) are surface coatings formed by the adsorption of biomolecules from the surrounding environment that can modify the material-specific surface properties and precedes the attachment of microorganisms. Hence, CFs are a biologically relevant identity that could govern the behavior and fate of microplastics in the aquatic environment. In the present study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polylactic acid (PLA) plastic cards were immersed in natural seawater to allow the formation of CFs. The changes in the surface roughness after 24 h were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the surface changes were visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The global elemental composition of the conditioned surface was investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results indicated that marine conditioning of PET and PLA samples for 24 h resulted in an increase of ∼11 and 31% in the average surface roughness, respectively. SEM images revealed the attachment of coccoid-shaped bacterial cells on the conditioned surfaces, and the accumulation of salts of sodium and phosphate-containing precipitates was revealed through the EDS analysis. The results indicate that the increase in surface roughness due to conditioning is linked to a material's hydrophilicity leading to a rapid attachment of bacteria on the surfaces. Further investigations into the CFs can unfold crucial knowledge surrounding the plastic-microbe interaction that has implications for medical, industrial, and environmental research.

Indexed as

atomic force microscopebiofilms formationconditioning filmsmicrobial attachmentplastic

Identifiers

PMID34248907
PMCPMC8267902
OpenAlexW3182261259

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.