Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34247689›Full record

ArticlePublic health nutrition2022

Price promotions offered by quick service restaurants in Australia: analysis from an obesity prevention perspective.

Evelyn Sy Looi, Kathryn Backholer, Adrian J Cameron, Lily Grigsby-Duffy, Liliana Orellana, Gary Sacks

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Public health nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Evelyn Sy LooiGlobal Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia.
Kathryn BackholerGlobal Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia.
Adrian J CameronGlobal Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia.
Lily Grigsby-DuffyGlobal Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia.
Liliana OrellanaBiostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia.
Gary SacksGlobal Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC3125, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9736-1539
Deakin University · AU

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess the price promotions offered by major quick service restaurant (QSR) chains in Australia from an obesity prevention perspective.

designCross-sectional audit of ten of the largest QSR chains in Australia. We collected information regarding temporary price promotions and 'combination deals' offered by each chain over thirteen consecutive weeks in 2019-2020. We assessed the type of promotions, the magnitude of discount, and the energy content and healthiness of items promoted (based on Victorian Government criteria).

settingMelbourne, Australia.

participantsTen major QSR chains.

resultsTemporary price promotions (n 196) and combination deals (n 537 on regular menus, n 36 on children's menus) were observed across the ten selected QSR chains. In relation to temporary price promotions, the mean magnitude of discount for main menu items (n 75) was 41·7 %. The price reductions and energy content of combination deals varied substantially the by chain, the meal size and the sides/drinks selected as part of the 'deal'. When the lowest-energy options (e.g. small chips, small sugar-free drink) were included as part of each combination deal, the mean energy content was 2935 kJ, compared to 5764 kJ when the highest-energy options (e.g. large fries, large sugar-sweetened drink) were included. Almost all available products were classified as unhealthy.

conclusionPrice promotions are ubiquitous in major QSR chains in Australia and provide incentives to consume high levels of energy. The action to restrict price promotions on unhealthy foods and ensure lower-energy default items as part of combination deals should be included as part of efforts to improve population diets and address obesity in Australia.

Indexed as

MealsRestaurantsAustraliaChildCross-Sectional StudiesHumansObesityCombination dealsFast foodHealthinessPrice promotion

Identifiers

PMID34247689
PMCPMC9991702
OpenAlexW3175890727

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.